Reducing Risk/Increasing Survival
(Questions 1–7)

1. Chuba PJ, Hamre MR, Yap J, et al: Bilateral risk for subsequent breast cancer after lobular carcinoma in situ: Analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. J Clin Oncol 23:5534-5541, 2005.
2. Fisher B, Constantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al: Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer: Current status of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 study. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:1652-1662, 2005.
3. Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al: Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: The NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 Trial. JAMA 295:2727-2741, 2006.
4. Allred DC, Bryant J, Land S, et al: Estrogen receptor expression as a predictive marker of the effectiveness of tamoxifen in the treatment of DCIS: Findings from NSABP Protocol B-24 (abstract 30). Breast Cancer Res Treat 76(suppl 1):A30, 2002.
5. Fisher B, Dignam J, Wolmark N, et al: Tamoxifen in treatment of intraductal breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-24 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 353:1993-2000, 1999.
6. Kriege M, Brekelmans C, Obdejin I, et al: Factors affecting sensitivity and specificity of screening mammography and MRI in women with an inherited risk for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 100:109-119, 2006.
7. Lehman CD, Gatsonis C, Kuhl CK, et al: MRI evaluation of the contralateral breast in women with recently diagnosed breast cancer. N Engl J Med 356:1295-1303, 2007.
8. Fisher B, Bryant J, Wolmark N, et al: Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 16:2672-2685, 1998.
9. Ellis MJ, Coop A, Singh B, et al: Letrozole is more effective neoadjuvant endocrine therapy than tamoxifen for ErbB-1 and/or ErbB-2-positive, estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer: Evidence from a phase III randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 16:3808-3816, 2001.
10. Bear HD, Anderson S, Brown A, et al: The effect on tumor response of adding sequential preoperative docetaxel to preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: Preliminary results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol 21:4165-4174, 2003.
11. Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al: A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351:2817-2826, 2004.
12. Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al: Expression of the 21 genes in the recurrence score assay and prediction of clinical benefit from tamoxifen in the NSABP study B-14 and chemotherapy in NSABP study B-20 (abstract 24) San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2004.
13. Albain K, Barlow W, Shak S, et al: Prognostic and predictive value of the 21-gene recurrence score assay in postmenopausal, node-positive, ER-positive breast cancer (S8814,INT0100) (abstract 10). San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2007.
14. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S, et al: A randomized trial of letrozole in postmenopausal women after 5 years of tamoxifen therapy for early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 349:1793-1802, 2003.
15. Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ, et al: A randomized trial of exemestane after 2 to 3 years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N Engl J Med 350:1081-1092, 2005.
16. ATAC Trialists’ Group: Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet 365:60-62, 2005.

Adjuvant Therapy
(Questions 8–13)

17. The Breast International Group I-98 Collaborative: A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 353:2747-2757, 2005.
18. Roche H. Fumoleau P, Spielmann M, et al: Sequential adjuvant epirubicin-based and docetaxel chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer patients: The FNCLCC PACS 01 trial. J Clin Oncol 24:5664-5671, 2006.
19. Martin M, Pienkowski T, Mackey J, et al: Adjuvant docetaxel for node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 352:2302-2313, 2005.
20. Sparano JA, Wang M, Martino S, et al: Phase III study of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel or docetaxel given every 3 weeks or weekly in operable breast cancer: Results of Intergroup Trial E1199 (abstract 516). J Clin Oncol 25(suppl 18S):6s, 2007.
21. Jones SE, Savin MA, Holmes FA, et al: Phase III trial comparing doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 24:5381-5387, 2006.
22. Jones S, Holmes F, O'Shaughnessy J, et al: Extended follow-up and analysis by age of the US Oncology Adjuvant trial 9735: Docetaxel/cyclophosphamide is associated with an overall survival benefit compared to doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide and is well-tolerated in women 65 or older (abstract 12). San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2007.
23. Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, et al: Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 353:1673-1684, 2005.
24. Tan-Chiu E, Yothers G, Romond E, et al: Assessment of cardiac dysfunction in a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel, with or without trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer: NSABP B-31. J Clin Oncol 23:7811-7819, 2005.
25. Slamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N, et al: BCIRG 006: 2nd interim analysis phase III randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (AC®T) with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab (AC®TH) with docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCH) in Her2neu positive early breast cancer patients (abstract 52). San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2006.
26. National Comprehensive Cancer Network: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Breast Cancer, v.2.2008.
27. Slamon D, Mackey J, Robert N, et al: Role of anthracycline-based therapy in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: Efficacy analyses determined by molecular subtypes of the disease (abstract 13). San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2007.
28. Pandya KJ, Morrow GR, Roscoe JA, et al: Gabapentin for hot flashes in 420 women with breast cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366:818-824, 2005.
29. Jin Y, Desta Z, Stearns V, et al: CYP2D6 genotype, antidepressant use, and tamoxifen metabolism during adjuvant breast cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:30-39, 2005.
30. Jones EL, Oleson JR, Prosnitz LR, et al: Randomized trial of hyperthermia and radiation for superficial tumors. J Clin Oncol 23:3079-3085, 2005.

Treatment Results
(Questions 14–20)

31. Osborne CK, Pippen J, Jones SE, et al: Double-blind, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant vs anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing on prior endocrine therapy: Results of a North American trial. J Clin Oncol 20:3386-3395, 2002.
32. Rosen LS, Gordon DH, Dugan Jr W, et al: Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate for the treatment of bone metastases in breast carcinoma patients with at least one osteolytic lesion. Cancer 100:36-43, 2004
33. Geyer CE, Forster J, Lindquist D, et al: Lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 355:2733-2743, 2006.
34. Mouridsen H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, et al: Phase III study of letrozole vs tamoxifen as first-line therapy of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: analysis of survival and update of efficacy from the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 21:2101-2109, 2003.
35. Gibson LJ, Dawson CK, Lawrence DH, et al: Aromatase inhibitors for treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD003370, 2007.
36. Rebbeck TR, Lynch HT, Neuhausen SL, et al: Prophylactic oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. N Engl J Med 346:1616-1622, 2002.
37. Kauff ND, Satagopan JM, Robson ME, et al: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. N Engl J Med 346:1609-1615, 2002.
38. Haffty BG, Yang Q, Reiss M, et al: Locoregional relapse and distant metastasis in conservatively managed triple negative early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 24:5652-5657, 2006.
39. Tan-Chiu E, Yothers G, Romond E, et al: Assessment of cardiac dysfunction in a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel, with or without trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer: NSABP B-31. J Clin Oncol 23:7811-7819, 2005.
40. Patt DA, Duan Z, Fang S, et al: Acute myeloid leukemia after adjuvant breast cancer therapy in older women: Understanding risk.J Clin Oncol 25:3871-3876, 2007.
41. Pinder MC, Duan Z, Goodwin JS, et al: Congestive heart failure in older women treated with adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 25:3808-3815, 2007.
42. Gradishar WJ, Tjulandin S, Davidson N, et al: Phase III Trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel compared with polyethylated castor oil-based paclitaxel in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 23:7794-7803, 2005.
43. Ribeiro G, Swindell R: Adjuvant tamoxifen for male breast cancer (MBC). Br J Cancer 65:252-254, 1992.
44. Bagley CS, Wesley MN, Young RC, et al: Adjuvant chemotherapy in males with cancer of the breast. Am J Clin Oncol 10:55-60, 1987.
45. Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN: Breast cancer in men. Ann Intern Med 137:678-687, 2002.

Advanced and Recurrent Disease
(Questions 21–32)

46. Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, Ellis MJ, et al: Circulating tumor cells, disease progression, and survival in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351:781-791, 2004.
47. Hayes DF, Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, et al: Circulating tumor cells at each follow-up time point during therapy of metastatic breast cancer patients predict progression-free and overall survival. Clin Cancer Res 12:4218-4224, 2006.
48. Silverstein MJ, Lagios MD, Craig PH, et al: A prognostic index for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer 77:2267-2274, 1996.
49. Fisher ER, Dignam J, Tan-Chiu E, et al: Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) eight-year update of Protocol B-17: Intraductal carcinoma. Cancer 86:429-438, 1999.
50. Overgaard M, Jensen MB, Overgaard J, et al: Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk postmenopausal breast cancer patients given adjuvant tamoxifen: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82c randomised trial. Lancet 353:1641-1648, 1999.
51. Overgaard M, Hansen PS, Overgaard J, et al: Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 337:949-955, 1997.
52. Nielsen HM, Overgaard M, Grau C, et al: Study of failure pattern among high-risk breast cancer patients with or without postmastectomy radiotherapy in addition to adjuvant systemic therapy: Long-term results from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82 b and c randomized studies. J Clin Oncol 24:2268-2275, 2006.
53. Harris M, Howell A, Chrissohou M, et al: A comparison of the metastatic pattern of infiltrating lobular carcinoma and infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast. Br J Cancer 50:23-30, 1984.
54. Kaelin CM: Paget’s disease,in Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, et al (eds): Diseases of the Breast, 2nd ed, pp 677-682. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2000.
55. Clahsen PC, van de Velde CJ, Goldhirsch A, et al: Overview of randomized perioperative polychemotherapy trials in women with early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 15:2526-2535, 1997.
56. Chang JE, Robins HI, Mehta MP: Therapeutic advances in the treatment of brain metastases. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 5:54-64, 2007.
57. Stemmler HJ, Schmitt M, Willems A, et al: Ratio of trastuzumab level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is altered in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases and impairment of blood-brain barrier. Anti-Cancer Drugs 18:23-28, 2007.
58. Lin NU, Winer EP: Brain metastases: The HER2 paradigm. Clin Cancer Res 13:1648-1655, 2007.
59. Church D, Bahl A, Jones A, et al: HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases: Multiple responses to systemic chemotherapy and trastuzumab—A case report. J Neurooncol 79:289-292, 2006.
    
60. Pestalozzi BC, Zahrieh D, Price KN, et al: Identifying breast cancer patients at risk for central nervous system metastases in trials of the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG). Ann Oncol 17:935-944, 2006.
61. Kirsch DG, Ledezma CJ, Mathews CS, et al: Survival after brain metastases from breast cancer in the trastuzumab era. J Clin Oncol 23:2114-2117, 2005.
62. Tham YL, Sexton K, Kramer R, et al: Primary breast cancer phenotypes associated with propensity for central nervous system metastases. Cancer 107:696-704, 2006.
63. Robert N, Leyland-Jones B, Asmar L, et al: Randomized phase III study of trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin compared with trastuzumab and paclitaxel in women with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 24:2786-2792, 2006.
64. Forbes JF, Pienkowski T, Valero V, et al: BCIRG 007: Randomized phase III trial of trastuzumab plus docetaxel with or without carboplatin first line in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (LBA516) J Clin Oncol 24(suppl 18S):7s, 2006.
65. Miles D, Vukelja S, Moiseyenko V, et al: Survival benefit with capecitabine/docetaxel versus docetaxel alone: Analysis of therapy in a randomized phase III trial. Clin Breast Cancer 5:273-278, 2004.
66. Albain KS, Nag S, Calderillo-Ruiz G, et al: Global phase III study of gemcitabine plus paclitaxel (GT) vs paclitaxel (T) as frontline therapy for metastatic breast cancer: First report of overall survival (abstract 510). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 23:5, 2004.
67. Decision-making tool available at: http://www.adjuvantonline.com
68. Ali IU, Campbell G, Lidereau R, et al: Lack of evidence for the prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 amplification in human breast carcinoma. Oncogene Res 3:139-146, 1988.
69. Tsuda H, Hirohashi S, Shimosato Y, et al: Immunohistochemical study on overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein in human breast cancer: Its correlation with gene amplification and long-term survival of patients. Cancer Sci 81:327-332, 1990.
70. Clark GM: Prognostic and predictive factors, in Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, et al (eds): Diseases of the Breast, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000.
71. Wang EP, Kaban LB, Strewler GJ, et al: Incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma and breast or prostate cancer on intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. J Oral Maxill Surg 65:1328-1331, 2007.
72. Carteni G, Bordonaro R, Giotta F, et al: Efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid in patients with breast cancer metastatic to bone: A multicenter clinical trial. Oncologist 11:841-848, 2006.
73. Rosen LS, Gordon D, Kaminski M, et al: Long-term efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid compared with pamidronate disodium in the treatment of skeletal complications in patients with advanced multiple myeloma or breast carcinoma. Cancer 98:1735-1744, 2003.
74. Schnitt SJ, Guidi AJ: Pathology of invasive breast cancer, in Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, et al (eds): Diseases of the Breast, 2nd Ed. Philadelpia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000.
75. Ellis IO, Galea M, Broughton N, et al: Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. II. Histological type. Relationship with survival in a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 20:479-489, 1992.
76. Lim SK, Kovi J, Warner OG: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with metastasis: A case report and review of the literature. J Natl Med Assoc 71:329, 1979.
77. Peters GN, Wolff M: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast report of 11 new cases: Review of the literature and discussion of biological behavior. Cancer 52:680-686, 1983.
78. Zaloudek C, Oertel YC, Orenstein JM: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast. Am J Clin Pathol 81:297, 1984.
79. Blair V, Martin I, Shaw D, et al: Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: Diagnosis and management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:262-275, 2006.
80. Dixon AR, Ellis IO, Elston CW, et al: A comparison of the clinical metastatic patterns of invasive lobular and ductal carcinomas of the breast. Br J Cancer 63:634-635, 1991.
81. White JR, Gustafson GS, Wimbish K, et al: Conservative surgery and radiation therapy for infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast: The role of preoperative mammograms in guiding treatment. Cancer 74:640-647, 1994.
82. Khatcheressian JL, Wolff AC, Smith TJ, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology 2006 Update of the Breast Cancer Follow-Up and Management Guidelines in the Adjuvant Setting. J Clin Oncol 24:5091-5097, 2006.

Breast Cancer Subtypes
(Questions 33–36)

83. Salvadori B, Cusumano F, Del Bo R, et al: Surgical treatment of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Cancer 63:2532-2536, 1989.
84. Komenaka IK, El-Tamer M, Pile-Spellman E, et al: Core needle biopsy as a diagnostic tool to differentiate phyllodes tumor from fibroadenoma. Arch Surg 138:987-990, 2003.
85. Telli ML, Horst KC, Guardino AE, et al: Phyllodes tumors of the breast: Natural history, diagnosis and treatment. J NCCN 5:324-330, 2007.
86. Jacklin RK, Ridgway PF, Ziprin P, et al: Optimising preoperative diagnosis in phyllodes tumour of the breast. J Clin Pathol 59:454-459, 2006.
87. Mangi AA, Smith BL, Gadd MA, et al: Surgical management of phyllodes tumors. Arch Surg 134:487-493, 1999.
88. Middleton LP, Amin M, Gwyn K, et al: Breast carcinoma in pregnant women. Cancer 98:1055-1060, 2003.
89. Naughton M, Ellis M: “I’m pregnant and I have breast cancer.” BMC Cancer 7:93, 2007.
90. Hayes DF, Thor AD, Dressler LG, et al: HER2 and response to paclitaxel in node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 357:1496-1506, 2007.
91. Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, O'Malley FP, et al: HER2 and responsiveness of breast cancer to adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 354:2103-2111, 2006.
    
92. Rennert G, Bisland-Naggan S, Barnett-Griness O, et al: Clinical outcomes of breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. N Engl J Med 357:115-123, 2007.
93. Pierce LJ, Strawderman M, Narod SA, et al: Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving treatment in women with breast cancer and germline BRCA1/2 mutations. J Clin Oncol 18:3360-3369, 2000.
94. Pierce LJ, Levin AM, Rebbeck TR, et al: Ten-year multi-institutional results of breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy in BRCA1/2-associated stage I/II breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 24:2437-43, 2006.