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Lung Cancer: A Web-Based Board Study Aid
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E-Board Review in Oncology:
Lung Cancer

    Risk Factors

  1. Blot W, Fraumeni JFJ: Cancers of the lung and pleura, in Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. 2nd ed, pp 637-665. Scottenfeld D, Fraumeni J (eds): New York, Oxford University Press, 1996.
  2. Spitz M, Wu X, Wilkinson A, Wei Q: Cancer of the lung, in Scottenfeld D, Fraumeni J (eds): Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, 2nd ed, pp 638-658. New York, Oxford University Press, 1996.

    3. Screening/Diagnosis

  3. Allen MS, Darling GE, Pechet TT, et al: Morbidity and mortality of major pulmonary resections in patients with early-stage lung cancer: Initial results of the randomized, prospective ACOSOG Z0030 trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 81:1013-1019, 2006.
  4. Bach PB, Jett MR, Pastorino U, et al: Computed tomography screening and lung cancer outcomes. JAMA 297:953-961, 2007.
  5. Berg CD, Aberle DR: CT screening for lung cancer. National Lung Screening Trial Executive Committee. N Engl J Med 356:743-744, 2007.
  6. Campling BG, Sarda IR, Baer KA, et al: Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin by small cell lung cancer. Cancer 75(10):2442-2251, 1995.
  7. Chute JP, Taylor E, Williams J, et al: A metabolic study of patients with lung cancer and hyponatremia of malignancy. Clin Cancer Res 12(3 Pt 1):888-896, 2006.
  8. Franklin WA: Diagnosis of lung cancer: Pathology of invasive and preinvasive neoplasia. Chest 117:80S-89S, 2000.
  9. Govindan R, Page N, Morgensztern D, et al: Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: Analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database. J Clin Oncol 24(28):4539-4544, 2006.
  10. Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Libby DM, et al: Survival of patients with stage I lung cancer detected on CT screening. International Early Lung Cancer Action Program Investigators. N Engl J Med 355:1763-1771, 2006.
  11. Jackman DM, Johnson BE: Small-cell lung cancer. Lancet 366(9494):1385-1396, 2005.
  12. List AF, Hainsworth JD, Davis BW, et al: The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 4(8):1191-1198, 1986.
  13. National Cancer Institute. National Lung Screening Trial. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Accessed May 9, 2007.
  14. Patel AM, Davila DG, Peters SG: Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 68:278-287, 1993.
  15. Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, et al: SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2003. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Accessed August 13, 2007.
  16. Travis WD: Lung, in Henson D, Albores-Saavedra J (eds): Pathology of Incipient Neoplasia, 3rd edition, pp 2295-2318. New York, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  17. Serum lactate dehydrogenase and bone marrow metastasis in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. N Engl J Med 313:759-760, 1985.
  18. Vansteenkiste JF, Stroobants SS: PET scan in lung cancer: Current recommendations and innovation. J Thorac Oncol 1:71-73, 2006.
  19. Wong LL, Verbalis JG: Systemic diseases associated with disorders of water homeostasis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 31(1):121-140, 2002.
  20. World Health Organization: Histological Typing of Lung Tumours, 3rd edition. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999.

    21. Cancer Genetics

  21. Arriagada R, Bergman B, Dunant A, et al: Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer. International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial Collaborative Group. N Eng J Med 350(4):351-360, 2004.
  22. Arriagada R, Le Chevalier T, Borie F, et al: Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. J Natl Cancer Inst 87:183-190, 1995.
  23. Auperin A, Arriagada R, Pignon JP, et al: Prophylactic cranial radiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med 341:476-484, 1999.
  24. Fried DB, Morris DE, Poole C, et al: Systematic review evaluating the timing of thoracic radiation therapy in combined modality therapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 22(23):4837-4835, 2004.
  25. Gregor A, Cull A, Stephens RJ, et al: Prophylactic cranial irradiation is indicated following complete response to induction therapy in small cell lung cancer: results of a multicenter randomized trial. United Kingdom Coordinating Committee for Cancer Research (UKCCCR) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Eur J Cancer 33:1752-1758, 1997.
  26. Johnson BE, Becker B, Goff WB II, et al: Neurologic, neuropsychologic, and computed cranial tomographic scan abnormalities in 2- to 10-year survivors of small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 3:1659-1667, 1985.
  27. Johnson BE, Patronas N, Hayes W, et al: Neurologic, computed cranial tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with small-cell lung cancer: Further follow-up of 6- to 13-year survivors. J Clin Oncol 8:48-56, 1990.
  28. Olaussen KA, Dunant A, Fouret P, et al: DNA repair by ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 355:983-991, 2006.
  29. Pignon JP, Arriagada R, Ihde DC, et al: A meta-analysis of thoracic radiotherapy for small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 327(23):1618-1624, 1992.
  30. Pisters K, Vallieres E, Bunn PA, et al: S9900: Surgery alone or surgery plus induction paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy in early stage non-small cell lung cancer: Follow-up on a phase III trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 25(18S):7520, 2007.
  31. Rosell R, Gomez-Codina J, Camps C, et al: A randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy plus surgery with surgery alone in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 330(3):153-158, 1994.
  32. Roth JA, Fossella F, Komaki R, et al: A randomized trial comparing perioperative chemotherapy and surgery with surgery alone in resectable stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 86(9):673-680, 1994.
  33. Slotman B, Faivre-Finn C, Kramer G, et al: A randomized trial of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) versus no PCI in extensive disease small cell lung cancer after a response to chemotherapy (EORTC 08993-22993). J Clin Oncol 25(18S):4, 2007.
  34. Turrisi AT, Kim K, Blum R, et al: Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide. N Engl J Med 340(4):265-271, 1999.
  35. Warde P, Payne D: Does thoracic irradiation improve survival and local control in limited-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung? A meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 10(6):890-895, 1992.

    36. Adenosquamous Cancer

  36. Albain KS, Swann RS, Rusch VR, et al: Phase III study of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CT/RT) vs CT/RT followed by surgical resection for stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer: Outcomes update of North American Intergroup 0139 (RTOG 9309). J Clin Oncol 2005;23(16S):7014.
  37. Burkes RL, Shepherd FA, Ginsberg RJ, et al: Induction chemotherapy with MVP in patients with stage III (T1-3, N2, M0) unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer. The Toronto experience (abstract 1078). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 13:327, 1994.
  38. Depierre A, Milleron B, Moro-Sibilot D, et al: Preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with primary surgery in resectable stage I (except T1N0), II, and IIIa non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 20:247-253, 2002.
  39. Elias AD, Skarin AT, Leong T, et al: Neoadjuvant therapy for surgically staged IIIA N2 non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 17:147-161, 1997.
  40. Langer CJ, Curran WJ Jr, Keller SM, et al: Report of phase II trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with radical thoracic Irradiation (60 Gy), infusional fluorouracil, bolus cisplatin and etoposide for clinical stage IIIB and bulky IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26:469-478, 1993.
  41. Martini N, Kris MG, Flehinger BJ, et al: Preoperative chemotherapy for stage IIIA (N2) lung cancer: The Sloan-Kettering experience with 136 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 55:1365-1373, 1993.
  42. Pisters KM, Ginsberg RJ, Giroux DJ, et al: Induction chemotherapy before surgery for early stage lung cancer: A novel approach. Bimodality Lung Oncology Team. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 119:429-439, 2000.
  43. Pisters KM: Stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer: Is there a role for combined modality therapy, in Perry MC (ed): American Society of Clinical Oncology 2002 Educational Book, pp 465-470. Alexandria, American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2002.
  44. Rosell R, Gomez-Codina J, Camps C, et al: A randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy plus surgery with surgery alone in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 330:153-158, 1994.
  45. Roth JA, Fossella F, Komaki R, et al: A randomized trial comparing perioperative chemotherapy and surgery with surgery alone in resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:673-680, 1994.
  46. Rusch VW, Albain KS, Crowley JJ, et al: Surgical resection of stage IIIA and stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer after concurrent induction chemoradiotherapy. A Southwest Oncology group trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 105:97-104, 1993.

    47. Squamous Cell Cancer

  47. Albain KS, Swann RS, Rusch VR, et al: Phase III study of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy vs CT/RT followed by surgical resection for stage IIIA (pN2) non-small cell lung cancer: Outcomes update of North American Intergroup 0139 (RTOG 9309). J Clin Oncol 23(suppl):7014, 2005.
  48. Curran WJ, Scott C, Langer CJ, et al: Phase III comparison of sequential versus concurrent chemoradiation for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC: Initial report of RTOG 9410. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19:A-1891, 2000.
  49. Furuse K, Fukuoka F, Kawahara K, et al: Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin in unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 17(9):2692-2699, 1999.

    50. Adjuvant Therapy

  50. Albain KS, Swann RS, Rusch VR, et al: Phase III study of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy vs CT/RT followed by surgical resection for stage IIIA (pN2) non-small cell lung cancer: Outcomes update of North American Intergroup 0139 (RTOG 9309). J Clin Oncol 23(16S):7014, 2005.
  51. Arriagada R, Bergman B, Dunant A: Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer. International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial Collaborative Group N Engl J Med 350(4):351-360, 2004.
  52. Bonner JA, Spencer SA: Postoperative radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer warrants further exploration in the era of adjuvant chemotherapy and conformal radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 24:2978-2980, 2006.
  53. Bradley JD, Paulus R, Graham MV, et al: Phase II trial of postoperative adjuvant paclitaxel/carboplatin and thoracic radiotherapy in resected stage II and IIIa non-small-cell lung cancer: Promising long-term results of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-RTOG 9705. J Clin Oncol 23:3480-3487, 2005.
  54. Douillard J-Y, Rosell R, Delena M, et al: ANITA: Phase III adjuvant vinorelbine and cisplatin versus observation in completely resected (stage I-III) non-small-cell lung cancer patients: Final results after 70-month median follow-up. On behalf of the Adjuvant Navelbine International Trialist Association. J Clin Oncol 23(16S):7013, 2005.
  55. Effects of postoperative mediastinal radiation on completely resected stage II and stage III epidermoid cancer of the lung. The Lung Cancer Study Group. N Engl J Med 315:1377-1381, 1986.
  56. Kato H, Ichinose Y, Ohta M, et al: A randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur for adenocarcinoma of the lung. N Engl J Med 350(17):1713-1721, 2004.
  57. Keller SM, Adak S, Wagner H, et al: A randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. N Engl J Med 343:1217-1222, 2000.
  58. Lally BE, Zelterman D, Colasanto JM, et al: Postoperative radiotherapy for stage II or III non-small-cell lung cancer using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. J Clin Oncol 24:2998-3006, 2006.
  59. Pignon JP, Tribodet H, Scagliotti GV, et al: Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation (LACE): A pooled analysis of five randomized clinical trials including 4,584 patients. J Clin Oncol 24(18S):366s, 2006.
  60. Postoperative radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from nine randomised controlled trials. PORT Meta-analysis Trialists Group. Lancet. 352:257-263, 1998.
  61. Stephens RJ, Girling DJ, Bleehen NM, et al: The role of postoperative radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: A multicentre randomised trial in patients with pathologically staged T1-T2, N1-N2, M0 disease. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. Br J Cancer 74:632-639, 1996.
  62. Strauss G, Herndon JE II , Maddaus M, et al: Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin following resection in stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Report of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Protocol 9633 (abstract 7019). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 22(14S):161, 2004.
  63. Strauss G, Herndon II JE, Maddaus MA, et al: Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Update of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) protocol 9633. J Clin Oncol 24(18S):7007, 2006.
  64. Winton TL, Livingston R, Johnson D, et al: Vinorelbine plus cisplatin vs. observation in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 352:2589-2597, 2005.

    65. Advanced Disease

  65. Albain KS, Crowley JJ, LeBlanc M, et al: Survival determinants in extensive-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: The Southwest Oncology Group experience. J Clin Oncol 9:1618-1626, 1991.
  66. Antonadou D, Coliarakis N, Paraskevaidis M, et al: Whole brain radiotherapy alone or in combination with temozolomide for brain metastases. A phase III study (abstract 156). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54(suppl):93-94, 2002.
  67. Antonadou D, Paraskevaidis M, Sarris G, et al: Phase II randomized trial of temozolomide and concurrent radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 20:3644-3650, 2002.
  68. Berk L, Seiferheld W, Rich T, et al: RTOG BR-0119: Chronobiological study of the addition of melatonin to radiotherapy for brain metastases. Proc Soc Neuro Oncol 6:308-387, 2004.
  69. Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis using updated data in individual patients from 52 randomized clinical trials. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group. BMJ 311(7010): 899-909, 1995.
  70. Curran WJ, Scott C, Langer CJ, et al: Phase III comparison of sequential versus concurrent chemoradiation for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC: Initial report of RTOG 9410). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19:A-1891, 2000.
  71. Dillman RO, Herndon J, Seagren SL, et al: Improved survival in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: Seven-year follow-up of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 8433 trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 88(17):1210-1215, 1996.
  72. Ewend MG, Carey LA, Morris DE, et al: Brain metastases. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2:537-547, 2001.
  73. Fine HA, Figg WD, Jaeckle K, et al: Phase II trial of the anti-angiogenic agent thalidomide in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. J Clin Oncol 18:708-715, 2000.
  74. Fossella FV, DeVore R, Kerr RN, et al: Randomized phase III trial of docetaxel versus vinorelbine or ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens. The TAX 320 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 18:2354-2362, 2000.
  75. Fossella FV, Lee JS, Shin DM, et al: Phase II study of docetaxel for advanced or metastatic platinum-refractory non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 13:645-651, 1995.
  76. Furuse K, Fukuoka F, Kawahara M, et al: Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin in unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 17(9):2692-2699, 1999.
  77. Gandara DR, Chansky K, Albain KS, et al: Consolidation docetaxel after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: Phase II Southwest Oncology Group Study S9504. J Clin Oncol 21:2004-2010, 2003.
  78. Gandara DR, Chansky K, Albain KS, et al: Long-term survival with concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by consolidation docetaxel in stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase II Southwest Oncology Group Study (S9504). Clin Lung Cancer 8:116-121, 2006.
  79. LGaspar L, Scott C, Rotman M, et al: Recursive partitioning analysis of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group brain metastases trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:745-751, 1997.
  80. Gatzemeier U, Pluzanska A, Szezesna A, et al: Results of a phase III trial of erlotinib (OSI-774) combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (abstract 7010). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 23:617s, 2004.
  81. Georgoulias V, Kouroussis C, Agelidou A, et al: Irinotecan plus gemcitabine vs irinotecan for the second-line treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer pretreated with docetaxel and cisplatin: A multicentre, randomised, phase II study. Br J Cancer 91:482-488, 2004.
  82. Giaccone G, Herbst RS, Manegold C, et al: Gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase III trial-INTACT1. J Clin Oncol 22:777-784, 2004.
  83. Glantz M, Choy H, Chakravarthy A, et al: A randomized phase III trial of concurrent paclitaxel and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs WBRT alone for brain metastases (abstract 535). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 18:140a, 1999.
  84. Grossi F, Scolaro T, Tixi L, et al: The role of systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 37:61-67, 2001.
  85. Hanna NH, Neubauer M, Ansari R, et al: Phase III trial of cisplatin plus etoposide plus concurrent chest radiation with or without consolidation docetaxel in patients with inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: HOG LUN 01-24/USO-023. J Clin Oncol 25:7512, 2007.
  86. Hanna N, Bunn PA Jr, Langer C, et al: Randomized phase III trial comparing irinotecan/cisplatin with etoposide/cisplatin in patients with previously untreated extensive-stage disease small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 24(13):2038-2043, 2006.
  87. Hanna N, Shepherd FA, Fossella FV, et al: Randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed versus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 22(9):1589-1597, 2004.
  88. Herbst RS, Giaccone G, Schiller JH, et al: Gefitinib in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase III trial-INTACT 2. J Clin Oncol 22:785-794, 2004.
  89. Herbst RS, Prager D, Hermann R, et al: TRIBUTE: A phase III trial of erlotinib hydrochloride (OSI-774) combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 23:5892-5899, 2005.
  90. Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Acimovic L, et al: Hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent low-dose daily carboplatin/etoposide for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 14(4):1065-1070, 1996.
  91. Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Acimovic L, et al: Randomized trial of hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 13(2):452-458, 1995.
  92. Jiroutek M, Johnson D, Blum P, et al: Prognostic factors in advanced NSCLC: Analysis of ECOG trials from 1981-1992 (abstract 1774). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 17:1777, 1998.
  93. Johnson DH, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny WF, et al: Randomized phase II trial comparing bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel with carboplatin and paclitaxel alone in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:2184-2191, 2004.
  94. Kelly K, Herbst RS, Crowley JJ, et al: Concurrent chemotherapy plus cetuximab or chemotherapy followed by cetuximab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A randomized phase II selectional trial SWOG 0342. J Clin Oncol 24(18S):7015, 2006.
  95. LeChevalier T, Arrigada R, Tarayre M, et al: Significant effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in locally advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma. J Natl Clin Cancer Inst 84(1):58, 1992.
  96. Lissoni P, Barni S, Ardizzoia A, et al: A randomized study with the pineal hormone melatonin versus supportive care alone in patients with brain metastasis due to solid neoplasms. Cancer 73:699-701, 1994.
  97. Manegold C, von Pawel J, Zatloukal P, et al: Randomised, double-blind multicentre phase III study of bevacizumab in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 25:LBA7514, 2007.
  98. Mehta MP, Rodrigus P, Terhaard CH, et al: Survival and neurologic outcomes in a randomized trial of motexafin gadolinium and whole-brain radiation therapy in brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 21:2529-2536, 2003.
  99. Meyers CA, Smith JA, Bezjak A, et al: Neurocognitive function and progression in patients with brain metastases treated with whole-brain radiation and motexafin gadolinium: Results of a randomized phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 22:157-165, 2004.
  100. Noda K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawahara M, et al: Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 346(2):85-91, 2002.
  101. Pfister DG, Johnson DH, Azzoli CG, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology treatment of unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer guideline: update 2003. J Clin Oncol 22(2):330-353, 2004.
  102. Pujol JL, Carestia L, Daures JP: Is there a case for cisplatin in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials of a cisplatin-containing regimen versus a regimen without this alkylating agent. Br J Cancer 83(1):8-15, 2000.
  103. Rosvold E, Langer CJ, Schilder R, et al: Salvage therapy with gemcitabine in advanced non-small cell lung cancer progressing after prior carboplatin-paclitaxel (C-P) (abstract 1797). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 17:467a, 1998.
  104. Sandler AB, Johnson DH, Herbst RS: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonals in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 10:4258s-4262s, 2004.
  105. Sandler A, Gray R, Perry MC, et al: Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 355:2542-2550, 2006.
  106. Sause WT, Kolesar P, Taylor SG, et al: Five-year results: Phase III trial of regionally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer: Final results of RTOG 8808, ECOG 4588, and SWOG 8992 (abstract 1743). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 17:453a, 1998.
  107. Sause WT, Scott C, Taylor S, et al: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 88-08 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 4588: Preliminary results of a phase III trial in regionally advanced, unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 87(3):198-205, 1995.
  108. Schaake-Koning C, van den Bogaert W, Dalesio O, et al: Effects of concomitant cisplatin and radiotherapy on inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 326(8):524-530, 1992.
  109. Shepherd F, Dancey J, Ramlau R, et al: Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus best supportive care in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 18:2095-2103, 2000.
  110. Shepherd FA, Rodrigues Pereira J, Ciuleanu T, et al: Erlotinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 353:123-132, 2005.
  111. Smith IE, O'Brien ME, Talbot DC, et al: Duration of chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized trial of three versus six courses of mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin. J Clin Oncol 19(5):1336-1343, 2001.
  112. Socinski MA, Schell MJ, Peterman A, et al: Phase III trial comparing a defined duration of therapy versus continuous therapy followed by second-line therapy in advanced-stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 20(5):1335-1343, 2002.
  113. Suh JH: A phase 3, randomized, open-label, comparative study of standard whole brain radiation therapy with supplemental oxygen, with or without RSR13, in patients with brain metastases. Neuro-Oncology.5:345-346, 2003.
  114. Tsao MS, Kamel-Reid S, Shepherd FA: Assessing EGFR mutations: the authors reply. N Engl J Med 354:527-528, 2006.
  115. Tsao MS, Sakurada A, Cutz JC, et al: Erlotinib in lung cancer-molecular and clinical predictors of outcome. N Engl J Med 353:133-144, 2005.
  116. Verger E, Gil M, Yaya R, et al: Concomitant temozolomide and whole brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases: Randomized multicentric phase II study (abstract 404). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 22:101a, 2003.
  117. von Pawel J, Gatzemeier U, Pujol JL, et al: Phase II comparator study of oral versus intravenous topotecan in patients with chemosensitive small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 19(6):1743-1749, 2001.
  118. von Pawel J, Schiller JH, Shepherd FA, et al: Topotecan versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for the treatment of recurrent small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 17(2):658-667, 1999.

    119. Management of Chemotherapy Toxicity

  119. Movsas B, Moughan J, Langer C, et al: Randomized trial of amifostine in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiation: Long-term survival results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9801 (abstract 7529). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 25(18S):391s, 2007.
  120. Movsas B, Scott C, Langer C, et al: Randomized trial of amifostine in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiation: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 98-01. J Clin Oncol 23(10):2145-2154, 2005.

    121. Formulating Clinical Trials

  121. Fidias P, Supko JG, Martins R, et al: Effects of vinorelbine on quality of life and survival of elderly patients with advanced non-non-small cell lung cancer. A phase II study of weekly paclitaxel. Clin Cancer Res 7:3942-3949, 2001.
  122. Frasci G, Lorusso V, Panza N, et al: Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine versus vinorelbine alone in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 18:2529-2536, 2000.
  123. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al: Chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: The Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) phase III randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:362-372, 2003.
  124. Gridelli C, Cigolari S, Gallo C, et al: Activity and toxicity of gemcitabine and gemcitabine + vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer elderly patients: Phase II data from the Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) randomized trial. Lung Cancer 31:277-284, 2001.
  125. Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et al: Prospective phase II study of single-agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 24:614-617, 2001.
  126. Nakamura Y, Sekine I, Furuse K, et al: Retrospective comparison of toxicity and efficacy in phase II trials of 3-h infusions of paclitaxel for patients aged 70 years of age or older and patients under 70 years of age. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 46:114-118, 2000.
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