ORLANDO—A French study is “the first to quantify the frequency of anal cancer in HIV patients,” Iradj Sobhani, MD, said at the Digestive Disease Week meeting. “Anal carcinoma is rare in the general population, but relatively common in HIV-positive patients,” said Dr. Sobhani, of the Gastroenterology Service, Hopital Bichat, Paris.
The study involved 170 patients presenting with anal condylomata between April 1993 and April 1998—110 who were HIV positive and 60 who were HIV negative. Human papillomavirus induces anal condylomata, benign tumors that are often (more than 80% of the time) precursors to anal cancers. In all patients, the condylomata were removed surgically.
The researchers then monitored the patients at 3-month intervals for periods ranging from 6 to 63 months. The median follow-up at the time of the report was 26 months. The researchers noted any condylomata relapses (which were again treated) and characterized any intraepi-thelial dysplasia or squamous neoplasia. At each visit, the patient’s CD4 lymphocytes and HIV viral load were measured.
The relapse rate for condylomata was much higher in HIV-positive patients than in those without the virus (75% in HIV-positive patients vs 8.6% in HIV-negative patients, P = .0001).
The research revealed three independent risk factors for dysplasia: Being HIV positive, which increased the risk of developing dysplasia 10 times; dysplasia in the first tissue screening, which raised the risk 4.8 times; and condylomata relapse, which raised the risk 5.5 times.
Dr. Sobhani speculated about the mechanisms underlying anal carcinoma. “HIV may damage the tissue immunity or it may facilitate condylomata relapse and high-grade dysplasia,” he said. “To reduce the risk, you have to control the multiplication of the HIV.”
