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To determine whether an association exists between various components of metabolic syndrome (diabetes mellitus [DM], systemic arterial hypertension [HTN], hyperlipidemia, and obesity) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in a large, diverse group of individuals throughout the United States.|Longitudinal cohort study.|All beneficiaries aged 40 years continuously enrolled in a managed care network who had 1 or more visits to an eye care provider during 2001 to 2007 were identified.|Billing codes were used to identify individuals with OAG and those with components of metabolic syndrome. Cox regression was used to determine the hazard of developing OAG in enrollees with individual components or combinations of components of metabolic syndrome, with adjustment for sociodemographic factors, systemic medical conditions, and other ocular diseases.|Hazard of developing OAG.|Of the 2 182 315 enrollees who met the inclusion criteria, 55090 (2.5%) had OAG. After adjustment for confounding factors,
Plant- and animal-pathogenic bacteria deploy a variable arsenal of type III effector proteins (T3EP) to manipulate host defense. Specific biochemical functions and molecular or subcellular targets have been demonstrated or proposed for a growing number of T3EP but remain unknown for the majority of them. Here, we show that transient expression of genes coding certain bacterial T3EP (HopAB1, HopX1, and HopF2), which did not elicit hypersensitive response (HR) in transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP) Nicotiana benthamiana 16C line, enhanced the sense post-transcriptional gene silencing (S-PTGS) triggered by agrodelivery of a GFP-expressing cassette and the silencing enhancement could be blocked by two well-known viral silencing suppressors. Further analysis using genetic truncations and site-directed mutations showed that the receptor recognition domains of HopAB1 and HopX1 are not involved in enhancing silencing. Our studies provide new evidence that phytobacterial pathogen T3EP
The XRCC2 gene is a key mediator in the homologous recombination repair of DNA double strand breaks. It is hypothesised that inherited variants in the XRCC2 gene might also affect susceptibility to, and survival from, breast cancer.|The study genotyped 12 XRCC2 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1131 breast cancer cases and 1148 controls from the Sheffield Breast Cancer Study (SBCS), and examined their associations with breast cancer risk and survival by estimating ORs and HRs, and their corresponding 95% CIs. Positive findings were further investigated in 860 cases and 869 controls from the Utah Breast Cancer Study (UBCS) and jointly analysed together with available published data for breast cancer risk. The survival findings were further confirmed in studies (8074 cases) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC).|The most significant association with breast cancer risk in the SBCS dataset was the XRCC2 rs3218408 SNP (recessive model p=2.310(-4), minor
To explore the effect of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and haplotypes on outcome of capecitabine.|Germline DNA was available from 568 previously untreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer participating in the CAIRO2 trial, assigned to capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab cetuximab. The coding region of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) was sequenced in 45 cases with grade 3 or more capecitabine-related toxicity and in 100 randomly selected controls (cohort). Most discriminating (P < 0.1) or frequently occurring (>1%) nonsynonymous SNPs were analyzed in all 568 patients. SNPs and haplotypes were associated with toxicity, capecitabine dose modifications, and survival.|A total of 29 SNPs were detected in the case-cohort analysis, of which 8 were analyzed in all 568 patients. Of the patients polymorphic for DPYD IVS14+1G>A, 2846A>T, and 1236G>A, 71% (5 of 7), 63% (5 of 8), and 50% (14 of 28) developed grade 3 to 4
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression primarily through post-transcriptional modification. We tested the hypothesis that miRNA expression is associated with overall survival in advanced ovarian cancer.|Cases included newly diagnosed patients with stage III or IV serous ovarian cancer. RNA from a training set of 62 cases was hybridized to an miRNA microarray containing 470 mature human transcripts. Cox Regression was performed to identify miRNAs associated with overall survival. External validation was performed using quantitative RT-PCR miRNA assays in an independent test set of 123 samples. MiRNA targets and associated biologic pathways were predicted in silico.|Of all patients, 80% had high-grade, stage IIIC tumors and 64% underwent optimal cytoreduction. The median survival for the entire cohort was 494 months. The training set identified 3 miRNAs associated with survival--miR-337, miR-410, and miR-645. An miRNA signature
Theme issue: Medical Care for U.S. Immigrants Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.|Theme issue: Medical Care for U.S. Immigrants Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
The BJC is owned by Cancer Research UK, a charity dedicated to understanding the causes, prevention and treatment of cancer and to making sure that the best new treatments reach patients in the clinic as quickly as possible. The journal reflects these aims. It was founded more than fifty years ago and, from the start, its far-sighted mission was to encourage communication of the very best cancer research from laboratories and clinics in all countries. The breadth of its coverage, its editorial independenc
Theme issue: Ethics of Cancer Care and Research. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.|Theme issue: Ethics of Cancer Care and Research. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) may become an important factor in Medicare coverage decisions, and the new health care law may make it more easily available to the public to help in medical decision making. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.|Comparative effectiveness research (CER) may become an important factor in Medicare coverage decisions, and the new health care law may make it more easily available to the public to help in medical dec
Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, covering all aspects of prostatic diseases, in particular prostate cancer. The journal is of interest to surgeons, oncologists, clinicians, and researchers involved in disease of the prostate.