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|Articles|March 2, 1998

Oncology

  • ONCOLOGY Vol 12 No 3
  • Volume 12
  • Issue 3

Adjuvant Trials of Toremifene vs Tamoxifen: The European Experience

When results from the phase II trials of toremifene (Fareston) and tamoxifen (Nolvadex) in metastatic breast cancer were published, the Finnish Breast Cancer Group began to plan the first trial of toremifene in an adjuvant setting. This multicenter, randomized trial is comparing toremifene (40 mg/d) to tamoxifen (20 mg/d) in postmenopausal lymph node-positive breast cancer patients.

ABSTRACT: When results from the phase II trials of toremifene (Fareston) and tamoxifen (Nolvadex) in metastatic breast cancer were published, the Finnish Breast Cancer Group began to plan the first trial of toremifene in an adjuvant setting. This multicenter, randomized trial is comparing toremifene (40 mg/d) to tamoxifen (20 mg/d) in postmenopausal lymph node-positive breast cancer patients. Treatment duration is 3 years. About 1,150 of a planned 1,460 patients have been enrolled to date. The International Breast Cancer Study Group is also conducting two adjuvant trials evaluating 5 years of toremifene (60 mg/d) vs tamoxifen (20 mg/d). More than 1,000 patients have been enrolled in these studies to date. The efficacy of toremifene is being explored in all of these trials. In the Finnish trial, additional protocols are evaluating treatment side effects, including the formation of DNA adducts in the endometrium and leukocytes, certain ocular problems, thromboembolic events, and subjective side effects. The effects of toremifene on lipid levels and bone density are also being studied. An interim safety analysis, performed in the Finnish study after 500 patients were enrolled (mean follow-up, 18 months), showed no significant differences between toremifene and tamoxifen in terms of efficacy or side effects. Toremifene seems to be well tolerated and may have additional positive effects. Ongoing trials will soon reveal how beneficial toremifene is in the adjuvant setting and whether it is devoid of the adverse effects observed with tamoxifen.[ONCOLOGY(Suppl 5):23-28, 1998]

Meta-analysis has demonstrated a significant benefit of adjuvant antiestrogens on both recurrence rates and mortality from breast cancer in postmenopausal women.[1] The adverse effects of tamoxifen (Nolvadex) have been widely discussed recently. The main concern is the increased number of endometrial cancers in tamoxifen-treated patients.[2-4] On the other hand, there is a significant decrease in cancers of the contralateral breast in tamoxifen-treated patients compared to controls.[5]

Toremifene (Fareston), a newer antiestrogen synthesized in 1981 in Finland, has been studied in animal experiments and clinical trials in metastatic breast cancer.[6-9] When the results of the first phase II studies of toremifene and tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer were published in the early 1990s, the Finnish Breast Cancer Group started to plan the first adjuvant trial of toremifene. Shortly thereafter, the International Breast Cancer Study Group also began planning adjuvant trials of toremifene.

This article will summarize the randomized, multicenter, adjuvant trials currently in progress in Europe that are comparing toremifene and tamoxifen. The study design of all of these trials and very preliminary safety results of the Finnish trial will be discussed.

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