Nausea and Vomiting

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with the XELOX regimen in rectal cancer patients.|Twenty-five patients with histopathologically confirmed and locally advanced rectal cancer (T3/T4 or N+) were enrolled in the study. Radiotherapy of 5000 cGy was delivered in 25 fractions of 200 cGy five times per week for a total of 5 weeks. During the first, second, fourth and fifth weeks of radiotherapy, the patients also received the following chemotherapy: 50 mg/m2 oxaliplatin on day one and 850 mg/m2 capecitabine bid for 5 days. Surgery was scheduled 5-6 weeks after the completion of the preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Four weeks after the surgery, four more cycles of chemotherapy were administered every 3 weeks. The postoperative chemotherapy consisted of 130 mg/m2 oxaliplatin on day 1 and 1000 mg/m2 capecitabine bid from day 1 to day 14. The end points were the downstage rate, R0 resection rate, and sphincter preservation rate.|Twenty-five patients

This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of aprepitant and dexamethasone as well as the relationship between the plasma concentration of substance P and nausea/vomiting in Japanese cancer patients.|After administration of aprepitant (125/80mg group [10 patients]: 125mg on day 1 and 80mg on days 2-5; 40/25mg group [10 patients]: 40mg on day 1 and 25mg on days 2-5) and dexamethasone (6mg on day 1 and 4mg on days 2 and 3 in the 125/80mg group, and 8mg on day 1 and 6mg on days 2 and 3 in the 40/25mg group) to Japanese cancer patients receiving at least moderately emetogenic antitumor agents, the plasma concentrations of aprepitant, dexamethasone, and substance P were measured.|All of 20 patients were treated with the highly emetogenic agent cisplatin (70mg/m(2)). The C(max) and AUC(0-24h) of aprepitant in Japanese cancer patients were similar with those in non-Japanese patients. The clearance of dexamethasone in the 125/80mg group was

Nausea and vomiting is a common post-operative complication that exacerbates patient discomfort and puts tension on suture lines, which may cause hematomas beneath surgical flaps and place patient at risk of aspiration pneumonia. Nausea and vomiting decreases patient comfort and satisfaction and increases hospital stay length and costs. Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common occurrences. Nurses typically give medicine in accordance with doctors' orders without understanding patient symptoms. Such results in less than optimal holistic care management. This situation encouraged the author to collect references on current international trends related to postoperative nausea and vomiting treatment in the clinical setting. The author further worked to recommend a care management protocol based on findings. This paper describes risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting and the related drugs, prevention procedures, and treatment recommendations. Finally, the author developed a