ONCOLOGY Vol 34 Issue 1

For those with early-stage melanoma, surgery may be the only treatment needed. However, when melanoma has spread beyond the skin, additional treatments before or after surgery may be necessary.

Sarcomas are relatively rare malignant tumors that arise from mesenchymal cells and therefore encompass a variety of histologies and can occur in any anatomic compartment. The incidence of sarcoma is estimated at 1% of all new cancer diagnoses in the United States annually. Approximately 15% of soft tissue sarcomas occur in the retroperitoneum, with about 1600 new retroperitoneal sarcoma cases diagnosed in the United States each year.

The FDA approved enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (Padcev)-the first drug to treat adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who have received prior treatment with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and platinum-containing chemotherapy.

A 39-year-old Hispanic male presented with complaints of mucous stools, loss of appetite, rectal bleeding and a 30-pound weight loss within the past several months.

A 40-year-old woman presented with a productive cough and shortness of breath that limited her regular activities. Her past medical history was relevant for hypertension since 2016; it is well controlled and treated with enalapril 5 mg twice daily. She also revealed a past wood smoke exposure of 2 hours per day for 10 years during her childhood.