James E. Thompson, MD

Supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy for patients withmyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Although allogeneic bone marrowtransplantation is the only known curative therapy for MDS, its risksmake this treatment prohibitive in many patients, who tend to be olderand have other medical problems. With advances in hematopoietic stemcell transplantation (HSCT), we can offer transplant to an increasingnumber of patients. It is, however, necessary to assess each patient andhis or her disease individually and evaluate prognostic factors, treatmentoptions, appropriateness of HSCT, and, if appropriate, type andtiming of HSCT. We will review the data on HSCT in MDS in order toexamine each of these issues and clarify the decision-making process.