Oncology Vol 28 No 11_Suppl_3

In this review, we will discuss the current status of several anti–PD-1 and anti–PD-L1 antibodies in clinical development and their direction for the future.

Characterizing tumors by PD-L1 expression, immune infiltration, chemokine signature, and tumor mutational frequency may be a means of creating an integrated model for determining which patients may benefit from which immune-checkpoint inhibitors, either alone or in combination.

As immune checkpoint–blocking medications are administered to an increasing number of patients, clinicians must be able to recognize and treat the associated immune-related side effects.