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Tiffany A. Traina, MD

Articles by Tiffany A. Traina, MD

Tumor angiogenesis, an important step in breast cancer development, invasion, progression, and metastasis, is regulated by the expression of proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).[1-6] Higher levels of VEGF expression are associated with poor clinical outcomes and decreased survival in patients with breast cancer.