5 Questions on Bladder and Renal Cancer

Question 1:

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The correct answer is: B. False. In a phase III trial, the UK Bladder Cancer Clinical Studies Group tested single agent lapatinib vs placebo in 446 patients and found no significant differences in progression-free survival (the primary endpoint) or in overall survival.

Question 2:

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The correct answer is: B. 79,030. According to recent estimates, bladder cancer will be diagnosed in 60,490 men and 18,540 women. The disease is estimated to cause nearly 17,000 deaths in the United States this year.

Question 3:

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The correct answer is: C. To provide histopathologic information. The authors of the guidelines also note that RTB “should be performed when results might alter surgical management” and to assess risk for metastasis while undergoing surveillance; “however, RTB is not necessary for all patients who undergo surveillance.”

Question 4:

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The correct answer is: A. True. A study using data on 1,975 patients from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) and an external validation cohort of 4,656 patients found that in the IMDC cohort, patients with high BMI had a median overall survival of 25.6 months vs 17.1 months in those with low BMI. In the validation cohort, median overall survival was 23.4 vs 14.5 months, respectively. “Underlying biology suggests a role for the FASN pathway,” the authors wrote.

Question 5:

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The correct answer is: C. Pembrolizumab. The data presented showed that median survival in the study was 10.3 months in the pembrolizumab arm compared with 7.4 months in the investigator-choice chemotherapy arm. The anti–PD-1 antibody is “the first therapy to demonstrate a survival benefit over an active comparator in this population,” the study authors wrote in their abstract conclusions.