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Erythropoietin is the primary physiological regulator of erythropoiesis, and it exerts its effect by binding to cell surface receptors. It has recently been shown that both erythropoietin and its receptor are found in the human cerebral cortex, and that, in vitro, the cytokine is synthesized by astrocytes and neurons, has neuroprotective activity, and is up-regulated following hypoxic stimuli. In animal models, exogenous recombinant human erythropoietin has been reported to be beneficial in treating experimental global and focal cerebral ischemia and reducing nervous system inflammation

There is a growing recognition in oncology of the importance of maintaining or improving patients’ quality of life (QOL) throughout the disease course. With this goal in mind, many clinical trials in oncology now seek to evaluate QOL end points.

Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality seen in patients with cancer. Anemia is associated with debilitating symptoms and poorer health-related quality of life and may result in less than optimal disease/treatment outcomes.

NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE, Ontario, Canada-"Adequate knowledge of a cancer diagnosis and treatment is necessary in order to offer appropriate follow-up to cancer survivors," Nina Kadan-Lottick, MD, said at the 7th International Conference for Long-Term Complications of Treatment of Children and Adolescents for Cancer (abstract 22), hosted by Roswell Park Cancer Institute.

SEATTLE-The number of HIV-infected patients that a physician has treated independently predicts HIV-related mortality in patients starting anti-retroviral therapy for the first time, Robert S. Hogg, PhD, said at the 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (abstract 749W).

Depending on what the Senate does in September, there is a slight chance Congress could act on the Medicare Market Acquisition Drug Price Act (H.R. 5167). Introduced by Rep. Pete Stark (D-Calif) in July, the bill would change the way Medicare reimburses oncologists for the oncology drugs they purchase to administer to patients in the office. Even the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) agrees change in the reimbursement format is necessary. Nevertheless, Paul A. Bunn, Jr, MD, president of ASCO, says, "Under this bill, reductions in Medicare reimbursement would make it very difficult for many doctors to continue providing high-quality treatment to people with cancer."

BOSTON-Elderly cancer patients who are very healthy can usually tolerate cancer treatments. Most elderly patients have comorbidities, however, and oncologists are being urged to conduct a comprehensive geriatric evaluation before deciding on a course of treatment.

OTTAWA, Canada-MDS Nordion has received 510(k) approval from the US Food and Drug Administration, as well as from Health Canada, for its Monte Carlo electron radiotherapy treatment calculation technique. Developed in collaboration with scientists at the National Research Council Canada, the software provides greater accuracy in calculating the dose required for cancer patients receiving radiation therapy, the company said in a news release.

ORLANDO-The tyrosine inhibitor imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is active in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) but not in other soft-tissue sarcomas not characterized by C-KIT or PDGF-R expression, the targets of imatinib, Ian R. Judson, MD, said at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting (abstract 1609).

ROCKVILLE, Maryland-Every man and woman age 50 or older with an average risk of colorectal cancer should be screened for colorectal cancer periodically, according to a new and strong recommendation from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). The panel’s report also said screening for the disease at an earlier age in people at high risk is a reasonable practice.

BETHESDA, Maryland-A new partnership between the National Institutes of Health and five major drug companies will provide a total of $6 million to several cancer centers to find ways to increase accrual to early clinical trials. The five pharmaceutical firms involved in the pilot program are Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Co., GlaxoSmithKline, and Novartis.

Officials from the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) have announced that Ann Barrett, md, of the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom, and John J. Curry, of the American College of Radiology, have

NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE, Ontario, Canada-Treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as a child may increase the risk for obesity in adulthood, and a new study suggests that cranial irradiation may be a factor. The results (abstract 13) were presented at the 7th International Conference for Long-Term Complications of Treatment of Children and Adolescents for Cancer, hosted by Roswell Park Cancer Institute.

SAN DIEGO, California-The prevalence of drug resistance in men newly infected with HIV is increasing, and such patients are more likely to fail initial antiretroviral therapy, according to a study of 202 subjects from 10 North American cities.

WASHINGTON- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a modest but statistically significant decrease in the number of US cigarette smokers. The new analysis involved self-reported data generated by the 2000 National Interview Survey sample adult core questionnaire and cancer control module. The report found that about 23.3% of adults are current smokers vs 25.0% in 1993. Seventy percent of adult smokers said they wanted to quit, and 41% had tried to quite at least once.

LUGANO, Switzerland-Combination monoclonal antibody treatment of lymphoid malignancies may be as safe as single-antibody therapy, and produces a better overall response rate, new data suggest. The data come from a recent study of 48 heavily pretreated, poor-prognosis patients treated with the combination of alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) and rituximab (Rituxan), presented at the 8th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma (ICML).

ORLANDO-A neoadjuvant treatment approach that involves the administration of liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet, investigational in the United States) and paclitaxel (Taxol), then heat delivery to the tumor, appears to enhance the efficacy of the chemotherapy, according to a study reported at the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (abstract 200). Lead investigator Kimberly Blackwell, MD, a medical oncologist at Duke University Comprehensive Cancer Center, called the results "impressive."

WASHINGTON-Dying children and their families often fail to get consistent care and effective help to meet spiritual, physical, and emotional needs, according to a new report from the Institute of Medicine. In funding research on dying children and their families, the report concluded, the National Institutes of Health should begin priority studies to improve the treatment of pain and aspects of care affecting families.

WASHINGTON-The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has awarded a 5-year, $14.8 million grant to bolster China’s HIV/AID research effort. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy G. Thompson and Chinese Health Minister Zhang Wenkang signed a Memorandum of Understanding and announced the grant in a ceremony here.

NUTLEY, New Jersey-Roche’s selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist Kytril Injection (granisetron) has received FDA approval for both the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The FDA first approved Kytril Injection in December 1993 for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Kytril oral tablets were approved in July 1999 for use in radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

ROCKVILLE, Maryland-Every man and woman age 50 or older with an average risk of colorectal cancer should be screened for colorectal cancer periodically, according to a new and strong recommendation from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). The panel’s report also said screening for the disease at an earlier age in people at high risk is a reasonable practice.

Labeling the treatment of pain, depression, and fatigue in many cancer patients inadequate, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) state-of-the-science panel has called for optimal symptom control for all cancer patients from diagnosis and throughout their illness. It also called for escalated funding to support research on the definition, occurrence, assessment, and treatment of all three problems.

NEW YORK-Pain treatment before surgery can minimize pain after surgery, may reduce anesthetic need during the procedure, and could minimize the risk of chronic pain conditions developing in the long-term, according to pain expert Mark J. Lema, MD, PhD.

The bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (Zometa) is effective in the treatment of skeletal-related events from bone metastases in prostate cancer patients, according to data presented at the 97th annual meeting of the American Urological Association. Patients with advanced prostate cancer are at high risk for bone complications, including bone pain, pathologic fractures, need for radiation or surgery to bone, and spinal cord compression. This study marks the first time a bisphosphonate has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of bone metastases in this patient population.

Octreotide (Sandostatin), a somatostatin analog, has a wide range of uses in the management of cancer patients. It is a unique molecule that specifically binds to somatostatin receptor subtype 2. This property of activating the receptor can result in a multitude of physiologic actions (for example, inhibition of synthesis and release of peptides in endocrine and neoplastic cells, antiangiogenesis, antisecretory effect in the gastrointestinal mucosa, anticholecystokinin activity retarding gallbladder motility, and reduction in splanchnic blood flow). In addition, in vitro experiments confirm that octreotide has cytostatic activity against a variety of malignancies. Octreotide is now widely used in the treatment of hormonal syndromes that result from a variety of neuroendocrine and endocrine neoplasms. Its dramatic effect in controlling malignant carcinoid syndrome and hormone-induced diarrhea (for example, from gastrinoma and VIPoma) has been well documented. However, the chronic use of octreotide can result in steatorrhea and gallstone formation.

INDIANAPOLIS-Based on phase III trial results presented at ASCO (see ONI, July 2002, page 1), Eli Lilly and Company and the US Food and Drug Administration have reached an agreement to make Alimta (pemetrexed) available on an expanded access, or compassionate use, basis to medically eligible patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lilly is pursuing approval of Alimta in combination with cisplatin (Platinol) for this indication. For more information, physicians may call 1-866-347-9503.

Much progress in the diagnosis and management of well-differentiated neuroendocrine malignancies is evident over the past 2 decades. Initial medical intervention using somatostatin analogs such as octreotide acetate in the immediate and sustained release formulations (Sandostatin and Sandostatin LAR Depot) is standard for the symptomatic stage IV patient.[1,2] Somatostatin analogs provide effective hormonal suppression for carcinoid neoplasm, pancreatic islet cell malignancies, and pituitary adenomas.

In this article, Pandit and Vesole present a focused overview of allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma. Additionally, this article addresses the challenges of allogeneic transplantation, including continued relapse and treatment-related toxicity and mortality.

Multiple myeloma is a multistep malignancy, starting with an indolent phase (monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance [MGUS] or smoldering myeloma), progressing to overt myeloma (which is typically restricted to the bone marrow), and

Octreotide acetate (Sandostatin), a somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst 2)-preferring somatostatin analog, inhibits angiogenesis in a dose-dependent fashion in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) and in the human placental vein angiogenesis model (HPVAM).[1,2] To explain these antiangiogenic effects, sst 2 gene expression in normal (resting) full-thickness human placental vein segments was compared to tissue-matched counterparts that initiated an angiogenic response in culture. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, the sst 2 gene was found to be uniquely up-regulated in the angiogenic vessels, but not present in the tissue-matched resting (nonproliferative) vein segments.