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CHICAGO-Two studies presented at the 87th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) indicate that computer-aided detection (CAD) of lesions on conventional mammography studies is comparable to double-read mammograms, and it produces fewer false-negative results.

BOSTON-Misconceptions about cancer clinical trials are common among trial participants, according to a survey of 205 patients and 61 providers conducted at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital.

At the 2000 American Society of Hematology meeting, we reported the successful treatment of a patient with acquired hemophilia using rituximab (Rituxan). This patient has required no therapy over the past year and has suffered no further hemorrhages. A June 2001 factor VIII level was 35%, and a factor VIII inhibitor level could not be analyzed due to the high level of factor VIII. Since then, three more patients with acquired factor VIII deficiency have received rituximab therapy at the University of Iowa, and are discussed below.

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in adults is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by antiplatelet antibody (APA)-mediated thrombocytopenia.

Current evidence suggests that rituximab (Rituxan) works in vivo mainly through complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and/or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here we have investigated the sensitivity of freshly isolated cells obtained from 33 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), 5 prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), and 6 mantle cell leukemia (MCL) patients to be lysed by rituximab and complement in vitro.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an indolent B-cell neoplasm that strongly expresses CD20. Despite initial very high response rates with cladribine (Leustatin), many patients ultimately relapse.

BETHESDA, Maryland-Merck & Co. will use a worldwide research network organized and funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to test promising HIV vaccines it develops.

ORLANDO-A multicenter, prospective study has shown that anemia is an independent risk factor predicting decreased survival in HIV-infected women and that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) helps resolve anemia in this population group.

WASHINGTON-A National Academy of Sciences (NAS) committee expects to issue a report in June on terrorism that will provide the federal government with a road map for the use of science and technology in all aspects of counterterrorism, Richard D. Klausner, MD, former National Cancer Institute (NCI) director, told ONI.

Tositumomab/iodine-131 tositumomab (Bexxar) is a novel active agent against CD20-positive lymphoma. There is a paucity of data examining the tolerance and outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for relapse after tositumomab/iodine-131 tositumomab.

ROCKVILLE, Maryland-The number of people who began smoking cigars dropped 22% in 1999, according to a new analysis of data from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The decline came after a dramatic 208% rise from 1990 to 1998, when nearly 5 million Americans smoked their first cigar.

Both rituximab (Rituxan) and fludarabine (Fludara) have individual antitumor activity against low-grade lymphoma (LGL). The combination of rituximab plus fludarabine has been shown to have synergistic activity against resistant lymphoma cell lines in vitro. We have recently completed a single-institution clinical trial of rituximab plus fludarabine in 40 patients with either treatment-naive or previously treated LGL.

CHICAGO-Brachytherapy devices that deliver radiation therapy directly to the lumpectomy site drastically reduce the time needed for radiotherapy after surgery for early-stage breast cancer, according to two studies presented at the 87th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).

BETHESDA, Maryland-A long-term study to determine which of two common strategies is better for treating HIV-infected individuals was initiated in January, as 21 US centers and several Australian sites began enrolling the first 1,000 patients. Participants in the SMART trial (Strategies for Management of Anti-Retroviral Therapies) are randomized to receive immediate, aggressive antiretroviral therapy ("hit-hard-early") or no HIV drugs until CD4+ T-cell counts fall below 250 cells/µL ("go-slow").

The patient is a 58-year-old woman (AA genotype) who was found to have a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 65.7 seconds during a preoperative evaluation for spinal stenosis surgery and mild rectal bleeding. Her aPTT test repeatedly remained abnormally prolonged. The patient had an aPTT mixing study that did not correct immediately or at 2 hours (56.4 seconds vs control 29.7 seconds). Her bleeding time was also abnormally prolonged at 11 minutes.

Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories announced recently that thousands of patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may benefit from the new National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for the appropriate treatment of AML, including the use of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) in specific clinical situations. The only antibody-targeted chemotherapeutic agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, gemtuzumab is indicated for patients with CD33-positive AML in first relapse who are 60 years of age or older and who are not considered candidates for other cytotoxic chemotherapy. The safety and efficacy of this agent in patients with poor performance status and organ dysfunction has not been established.

NEW YORK-A photograph of a stone mansion half hidden in violet light decorates the February page of the 2002 Creative Center for Women With Cancer Novartis Desk Calendar. The photographer, Susan Markisz, writes in the calendar that "cancer, like photography, is both a positive and negative process, one that does not quite define me, but which demands interpretation."

Rituximab (Rituxan) has shown high activity in relapsed follicular lymphomas when given alone, and phase II studies indicate that its addition to chemotherapy may further improve response rates substantially. Because prospective randomized studies have not been available so far, the German Low Grade Study Group (GLSG) started a multicenter national trial in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular cell lymphoma (FCL) or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). As patients were treated for first-line therapy with CHOP (cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan, Neosar], doxorubicin HCl, vincristine [Oncovin], prednisone), the FCM (fludarabine [Fludara], cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone [Novantrone]) combination was chosen for salvage chemotherapy.

THOUSAND OAKS, California-The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Amgen’s Neulasta (pegfilgrastim), its pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that is administered as a single fixed dose per chemotherapy cycle, the company said in a news release. Neulasta is indicated for decreasing the incidence of infection, as manifested by febrile neutropenia, in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive anticancer drugs associated with a clinically significant incidence of febrile neutropenia.

MONTREAL-Delirium in patients with advanced cancer appeared to be associated with changes in the circadian distribution of analgesia for breakthrough pain and may be due to a reversal of the normal circadian rhythm in these patients, reported Bruno Gagnon, MD, of McGill University and Montreal General Hospital.

BETHESDA, Maryland-The new director of the National Cancer Institute intends to advance NCI’s role in the discovery and application of specific targets for diagnosing and treating cancer, and to increase its interaction with other organizations to more fully integrate and coordinate cancer research and care.

In this report, we present our results of the biochemotherapy combination of rituximab (Rituxan), a monoclonal antibody against CD20, with fludarabine (Fludara) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar).

Epratuzumab (hLL2 [LymphoCide]), a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the B-cell specific antigen CD22, has been demonstrated to be a safe and active monotherapy in phase I/II trials for the treatment of relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).

Monoclonal antibodies demonstrate impressive response rates in lymphoid diseases, and treatment indications are expanding. Both alemtuzumab (Campath) (anti-CD52) and rituximab (Rituxan) (anti-CD20) are active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and low-grade lymphomas.

SAN DIEGO--Recognizing the stress associated with oncology nursing care, the Regional Cancer Center of Faxton-St. Luke’s Healthcare, Utica, NY, initiated a novel 6-week staff wellness pilot project, dubbed "The Take a Break Club." Karen Miller, RN, OCN, the Center’s cancer program education coordinator, described the program and its benefits in her podium presentation at the 26th Annual Conference of the Oncology Nursing Society (abstract 31). "We all know there is a nursing shortage, and so you can’t forget staff satisfaction," Ms. Miller said. "That’s what I’m looking to accomplish with this particular project."

SAN DIEGO-A multidisciplinary group of nurses at New York’s Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have developed a standard of care for cancer patients suffering from decreased quality of life due to constipation.

The first clinical trial of rituximab (Rituxan) in combination with CHOP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan, Neosar], doxorubicin HCl, vincristine [Oncovin], prednisone) was initiated in April 1994 (J Clin Oncol 17:268, 1999). This study showed the safety and efficacy of the combination in low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and enabled progression to phase II trials in intermediate-grade NHL (J Clin Oncol 19:389, 2001). In addition, the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte (GELA) randomized phase III study has shown a statistically significant increase in progression-free survival for rituximab/CHOP as compared with CHOP alone (Blood 96:223a [abstract 950]).

WASHINGTON-Advocacy groups have played a significant role in the thus-far successful effort to double the National Institutes of Health budget and will continue to wield important influence in promoting federal funding for biomedical research, a panel of experts agreed during a media forum.

ORLANDO-Adding rituximab (Rituxan) to paclitaxel (Taxol)/topotecan (Hycamtin) salvage therapy raises response rates by about 25%, more than triples complete response rates, and is effective in both primary refractory and relapsed aggressive B-cell lymphomas.

The Lesage and Portenoy article fulfills several important purposes. First, the authors remind us of the critical need to become more systematic and diligent in assessing and monitoring fatigue, a potentially debilitating symptom that is now recognized as the most common adverse effect experienced by cancer patients undergoing active treatment.[1] In the assessment of fatigue, the authors acknowledge that "the gold standard of evaluation is the patient’s self-report."