(P002) Impact of Three Decades of Screening on Cervical Cancer Incidence

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Article
OncologyOncology Vol 28 No 1S
Volume 28
Issue 1S

Effective cancer screening should detect disease at an earlier, more curable stage and thus reduce the incidence of late-stage diagnosis. In the last 3 decades, the Pap smear has become widely practiced in the US and is effective in the early diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancers.

P002: Figure

Daniel X. Yang, BS, Cary P. Gross, MD, Pamela R. Soulos, MPH, James B. Yu, MD; Yale University School of Medicine; Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center at Yale

Background: Effective cancer screening should detect disease at an earlier, more curable stage and thus reduce the incidence of late-stage diagnosis. In the last 3 decades, the Pap smear has become widely practiced in the US and is effective in the early diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancers. However, the overall number of cases of cervical cancer prevented by screening is unknown.

Methods: We obtained cervical cancer incidence data strongning 1976 to 2009 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Additionally, screening utilization data from 1951 to 2010 were obtained from literature reports and from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Progress Reports. We examined trends in early (localized)- and late (regional, distant)-stage cancer incidence and sought to estimate the number of cancers prevented due to screening over the past 3 decades.

Results: From 1951 to 1973, there was a steady increase in screening utilization. Screening rates rose from under 1% in 1951 to 63.7% in 1973. However, over the past 3 decades, the percentage of adult women who received cervical cancer screening remained steady at 71.7% in 1982 and rising to 73.8% in 2010. From 1976 to 2009, there was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of early-stage cervical cancer, from 10.2 cases to 5.4 cases per 100,000 women (P < .001). Late-stage disease incidence also decreased from 5.2 cases to 3.7 cases per 100,000 women (P < .001). After adjusting for “prescreening era” rates of cervical cancer, we estimated that Pap smears were associated with a reduction of between 102,000 and 452,000 cases of cervical cancer over the past 3 decades in the US.

Conclusions: There has been a statistically significant decline in both early- and late-stage cervical cancer incidences during an era of widespread screening.

Articles in this issue

(P113) Age and Marital Status Are Associated With Choice of Mastectomy in Patients Eligible for Breast Conservation Therapy
(P112) Single-Institution Experience With Intrabeam IORT for Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer
(P110) Breast Cancer Before Age 40: Current Patterns in Clinical Presentation and Local Management
(P111) Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation With Multicatheter High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy: Feasibility and Results in a Private Practice Cohort
(P115) Breast Cancer Laterality Does Not Influence Overall Survival in a Large Modern Cohort: Implications for Radiation-Related Cardiac Mortality
(P117) Anatomical Variations and Radiation Technique for Breast Cancer
(P116) Bilateral Immediate DIEP Reconstruction and Postmastectomy Radiotherapy: Experience at a Tertiary Care Institution
(P118) Metadherin Overexpression Is Associated With Improved Locoregional Control After Mastectomy
(P119) Effect of Economic Environment on Use of Postlumpectomy Radiation Therapy for Stage I Breast Cancer
(P120) Immediate Versus Delayed Reconstruction After Mastectomy in the United States Medicare Breast Cancer Patient
(P121) Trend in Age and Racial Disparities in the Receipt of Postlumpectomy Radiation Therapy for Stage I Breast Cancer: 2004–2009
(P122) Streamlining Referring Physicians Orders With ‘Reflex Testing’ Significantly Decreases Time to Resolution for Abnormal Screening Mammograms
(P123) National Trends in the Local Management of Early-Stage Paget Disease of the Breast
(P124) Effect of Inhomogeneity on Cardiac and Lung Dose in Partial-Breast Irradiation Using HDR Brachytherapy
(P125) Breast Cancer Outcomes With Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy for Residual Disease Burden After Full-Dose Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgery Followed by Radiation Treatment
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