Breast Cancer

ATLANTA-A study of more than 400,000 postmenopausal women has found no increased risk of fatal breast cancer with use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). In fact, women who reported ever having used estrogen actually had a 16% decreased risk of dying of breast cancer, Dawn Willis, PhD, MPH, reported for the American Cancer Society (ACS) at a general session of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.

PALM SPRINGS, Calif--Three major randomized trials comparing the antiestrogens toremifene (Fareston) and tamoxifen (Nolvadex) in patients with advanced breast cancer showed no significant differences in efficacy or side effects profiles, Richard Gams, MD, of Ohio State University, said at the symposium.

NEW YORK-Paclitaxel (Taxol) given as a weekly one-hour infusion has significant activity in metastatic breast cancer and is well tolerated at a dose of 100 mg/m²/wk or less, researchers from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center reported at a poster session of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.

A group of French scientists concluded that oral vinorelbine (Navelbine) administered at a weekly dose of 80 mg/m² is well tolerated by patients with advanced breast cancer. While intravenous vinorelbine has previously proven to be highly effective

SAN ANTONIO-At almost three years' median follow-up, disease-free survival is 81% among a group of 42 women with resected breast cancer and four or more positive nodes who received dose-dense sequential chemotherapy using doxorubicin, paclitaxel (Taxol), and cyclophosphamide, Clifford A. Hudis, MD, said in his poster presentation.

ROME, Italy-The combination of paclitaxel (Taxol), fluorouracil (5-FU), and leucovorin, with G-CSF support, in pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer had a good toxicity profile and an encouraging response rate in a study from the Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome.

SAN ANTONIO--Two poster presentations at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium suggest that breast tumors are more aggressive in African-American women than in Caucasian women.

DUARTE, Calif-Researchers at the City of Hope National Medical Center are in the process of updating their high-dose chemotherapy regimens for high-risk breast cancer patients to include paclitaxel (Taxol), George Somlo, MD, said in a poster presentation at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.

NOTTINGHAM, UK-Stable disease appears to be a clinically relevant category for judging the effectiveness of hormonal therapy in metastatic breast cancer, John Robertson, MD, said in his poster presentation of a study from the Department of Surgery, City Hospital, Nottingham.

NASHVILLE-In 1996, delivery difficulties were the major barrier to breast cancer gene therapy, Jeffrey T. Holt, MD, said at a plenary session of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.

SAN ANTONIO--Bisphosphon-ates are indicated in patients with established bone metastases from breast cancer or myeloma, to reduce skeletal complications, Alexander H.G. Paterson, MD, said at a minisymposium held in conjunction with the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.

BOULOGNE, France-An oral formulation of vinorelbine (Navelbine) demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity and proved to be well tolerated in a phase I study of patients with advanced breast cancer, French physicians reported in a poster presentation.

ST. LOUIS-In a study of 31 breast cancer patients with chronic lymphedema who had failed other treatment methods, 27 showed significant improvement with use of the Reid Sleeve, a custom-designed pattern of soft polymer ridges that apply varying degrees of pressure, Diane Radford, MD, of Washington University, said in a poster presentation.

SAN ANTONIO-Although paclitaxel (Taxol) is still being evaluated as a single agent in advanced breast cancer, to determine optimal dosing and schedule, it is also being studied for use in combination with other cytotoxic agents, as adjuvant therapy in early-stage disease, and as part of high-dose chemotherapy regimens used with stem cell transplant.

SAN ANTONIO-Routine use of radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery is a cost-effective strategy for improving outcome in breast cancer, a computerized decision-analysis study suggest.

The National Cancer Act of 1971 was established when then President Nixon declared the "war on cancer." Since that time, no magic bullet has been discovered, and it is apparent that we have not been victors in the war against the nation's second leading killer. Overall cancer rates have continued to rise, with only a slight decrease in mortality from breast and other cancers. Nevertheless, remarkable progress has been made in the cure of childhood cancers, Hodgkin's disease, and testicular cancer.[1,2]

Tamoxifen is currently the endocrine therapy of choice for early and advanced breast cancer. Attempts to improve the therapeutic efficacy have included altering the triphenylethylene ring structure of tamoxifen, forming

Breast cancer treatment has evolved greatly within the last 25 years. Tamoxifen was first introduced for the

In 1977, tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, was approved in the United States for the management of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Since that time, tamoxifen's therapeutic role has grown to

Tamoxifen has well-documented activity in reducing breast cancer mortality. In addition, it has several secondary

The ultimate goal of breast cancer prevention strategies is to reduce the incidence of this disease in populations. Greater understanding of recently identified associations of lactation, alcohol, exercise, and diet with breast

Tamoxifen is being evaluated in clinical trials as a preventive agent in women at high risk for breast cancer. This new, potentially long-term therapeutic role has generated some concerns regarding safety, based on the results of

For nearly 20 years, tamoxifen has been successfully used in the management of breast cancer. Tamoxifen is a mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist that has a proliferative effect on the endometrium. The drug has been

Tamoxifen is currently the endocrine treatment of choice for all stages of breast cancer and is the gold standard for antiestrogen treatment. Over the last 25 years, the drug has revolutionized breast cancer therapy. The extension of the use of this agent has occurred because of open dialogue between the laboratory and the clinic, in which laboratory findings led to extension of clinical use. Tamoxifen was originally discovered as part of a contraceptive research program at ICI Pharmaceuticals (now Zeneca). On the basis of the estrogen dependence of many breast cancers, tamoxifen, a potent antiestrogen, was predicted to have anticancer activity. Laboratory and animal studies demonstrated efficacy in breast cancer and an ability to block binding of estradiol to the estrogen receptor of human breast cancer. Preclinical studies showed the benefit of long-term vs short-term tamoxifen treatment, a finding duplicated in the clinic. [ONCOLOGY 11(Suppl 1):7-13, 1997]

Tamoxifen is the most widely prescribed endocrine therapy for breast cancer, with more than 7.5 million woman-years of clinical experience. Tamoxifen has both antiestrogenic and estrogenic activity. The antiestrogenic activity

DALLAS-A new interactive computer program, The Ethics Companion, is currently under development to help physicians think through ethical dilemmas in genetic testing for breast cancer, Gail Tomlinson, MD, PhD, of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, said at a poster paper at the San Antonio meeting.

BOSTON-Neither the presence nor the extent of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is related to risk of local recurrence in patients with invasive breast cancer treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy, a retrospective study from the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy has shown.

SAN ANTONIO--A new decision aid, developed by a group of Canadian researchers, uses an audiotape and a workbook to help women with early-stage breast cancer decide between mas-tectomy and breast-conserving surgery with radiation therapy.

CHICAGO--Although mammography is the best screening tool for breast cancer, it misses carcinoma in 15% or more of women with dense breasts. Supplemental, bilateral, high-resolution ultrasound can find these malignancies, Thomas M. Kolb, MD, a New York City radiologist who specializes in breast cancer detection, reported at the Radiological Society of North America meeting.

Tamoxifen citrate has been prescribed to millions of women with breast cancer and has been one of the most important advances in breast cancer treatment over the past 25 years. Because she is a female physician, the