MDS/MPN Correlates With Worse Allogeneic Transplantation Outcomes

In a conversation with CancerNetwork^® at the 2026 Tandem Meetings, Fernando Duarte, MD, PhD, spoke about key findings from a Brazilian registry analysis assessing outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) among patients with myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) vs those with other types of MDS. According to Duarte, MDS/MPN correlated with worse allo-HCT outcomes compared with other kinds of myelodysplastic syndromes, emphasizing a need to diagnose and treat this population as soon as possible. He also noted that patients with MDS in Brazil tend to be younger—approximately 30 to 40 years old—compared with similar patient populations in the US and Europe.

Among patients with MDS/MPN and those with other types of MDS who underwent allo-HCT, respectively, the 25-month relapse-free survival rates were 39.2% vs 56.5% (P = .00302). Additionally, the 25-month overall survival rates were 59.7% vs 41.9% in each respective patient population (P = .03).

Duarte is head of the Bone Marrow Transplant Service at Walter Cantídio University Hospital, hematologist and professor at the Federal University of Ceará, and president of the Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation (SBTMO).

Transcript:

The most important finding was that MDS/MPN is a predictor of poor outcomes of patients. Specifically, in the multivariate analysis, the relapse-free survival was different from all other types of MDS. We should try to treat these patients as soon as possible because they need to be better diagnosed and [receive] better treatment to change this reality.

One important point is that all [patients with] MDS in Brazil are "different" [than those] from the US or Europe. They are younger vs patients from these other countries. This point is very important for us because you sometimes have younger patients who are 30 to 40 years [old who are] different from the patients [who are older] than 60 or 70 years that you have in US or Europe.

Reference

Duarte FB, Garcia YDO, Hamerschlak N, et al. Comparative outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms and other myelodysplastic syndromes: Brazilian SBTMO/CIBMTR registry analysis. Presented at: 2026 Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Meetings of American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy and Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; February 4-7, 2026; Salt Lake City, UT. Presentation 63.