Brain Cancer

Data from a cohort study suggest MGMT promoter methylation could serve as a stratification factor for patients with low-grade and anaplastic gliomas harboring IDH–wild-type or IDH-mutant and co-deleted tumors.

Patients under the age of 3 with neuroblastoma experienced no significant negative impact on survival when their disease was reclassified from high-risk to intermediate-risk and their therapy was thusly reduced.

A phase 2 trial indicates that limited surgery and post-operative proton therapy result in a high rate of tumor control and less severe complications in young patients with craniopharyngioma.

Treatment with 20 mg/m2 of lenalidomide in patients under 22 years old who have pilocytic astrocytomas and optic pathway gliomas appears to be safe and effective.

Investigators of a phase 1/2 trial report that CAR T cells targeting disialoganglioside GD2 may result in long-lasting antitumor activity in young patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.

Investigators will assess INB-400 as a treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma in a phase 2 trial expected to initiate in the second half of 2023.

ERAS-801, which now has FDA fast track designation for glioblastoma with EGFR alterations, is currently under investigation as a monotherapy in the phase 1 THUNDERBBOLT-1 trial.

Investigators are assessing tirabrutinib, which received orphan drug designation from the FDA, as a treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma in the phase 2 PROSPECT study.

Javier Orozco-Mera, MD, FACS, MSc, and colleagues assess the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the relapse of glioblastoma.

Investigators are assessing FORE8394, which received orphan drug designation from the FDA, in primary brain and central nervous system malignancies in the phase 2 FORTE trial.

Results from the phase 2 CDRB436G2201 trial lead to the approval of dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with low-grade glioma and a BRAF V600E mutation who require systemic therapy.

Vorasidenib monotherapy appears to improve clinical outcomes among patients with IDH-mutant low-grade glioma, meeting 2 end points in the phase 3 INDIGO trial.

The FDA gives orphan drug designation to BEA-17, an investigational small molecule degrader that may benefit those with a common and aggressive brain tumor.

Azeliragon was first evaluated in a group of patients with Alzheimer’s disease prior to being assessed in patients with glioblastoma, a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor.

Data from the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial indicated that tovorafenib yielded responses among pretreated patients with recurrent or progressive pediatric low-grade glioma.

The TriNetra™-Glio liquid biopsy has received breakthrough device designation from the FDA for the diagnosis of brain tumors.

The FDA has followed the recommendation of its Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee and issued a complete response letter denying approval to 131I-omburtamab as a treatment for central nervous system and leptomeningeal metastases stemming from neuroblastoma.

The multi-kinase inhibitor AUM302 received orphan drug designation from FDA for the treatment of neuroblastoma.

Autologous tumor lysate–loaded dendritic cell vaccine plus standard-of-care therapy improved survival outcomes vs standard-of-care alone in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma.

Pulsatile, convection-enhanced delivery of topotecan using a novel subcutaneous catheter-pump system implanted into the brain showed promising efficacy signals in patients with glioblastoma, according to findings from a phase 1b clinical trial.

Members of the FDA’s Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee indicated there isn’t enough evidence to definitively confirm the overall survival benefit of 131I-omburtamab in pediatric patients with central nervous system or leptomeningeal metastases stemming from neuroblastoma.

Doses of Rhenium-186 nanoliposome above 100 Gy improved overall survival in recurrent glioma, according to results from the phase 1 ReSPECT-GBM trial presented at 2022 ESMO.

Guidelines from the American Society for Radiation Oncology on the use of radiation therapy for patients with IDH-mutant glioma included strong recommendations for close surveillance in IDH-mutant, 1p/19q codeleted, WHO grade 2 oligodendroglioma with no high-risk features and adjuvant radiotherapy for those with WHO grade 3 disease.

Results from a multicenter study showed similar median overall survival results with laser interstitial thermal therapy compared with other tumor resection studies that used radiation and chemotherapy followed by laser ablation in patients with IDH wild-type glioblastoma.

CV-01 delivery of sonodynamic therapy has been granted orphan drug designation and fast track designation by the FDA for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma.

According to long-term data, first-line treatment with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy plus radiotherapy offered prolonged disease control and survival benefit in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors.

BRAF V600 mutation–positive pediatric low-grade glioma positively responds to combination treatment with dabrafenib plus trametinib, according to data presented at 2022 ASCO.

Non-White Hispanic pediatric patients with neuroblastoma appear to have worse overall survival outcomes vs other patient subgroups.

Children and young adults with H3K27M-positive diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and spinal diffuse midline gliomas saw a clinical benefit when treated with GD2-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy.

Early findings from the phase 1/2a TEM-GBM study presented at the 2022 AACR Annual Meeting displayed potential of temferon to affect the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma.