Brain Cancer

The US Food and Drug Administration granted the “breakthrough therapy” designation to a recombination poliovirus/rhinovirus conjugate known as PVS-RIPO, for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.

This review will discuss examples of clinical applications of tumor and germline genomic testing for children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors, as well as promising investigative strategies.

One recurring theme from genomic studies of pediatric CNS tumors (and almost all cancers, for that matter) is that tumors that historically appeared to be a single entity based on examination under the microscope and routine immunohistochemical staining actually harbor molecularly distinct subgroups when analyzed by genomic sequencing techniques.

The aggressive management of brain metastases with SRS has supplanted radiation therapy in an effort to maintain patient quality of life in an era of advancing systemic cancer options.

Until prospective randomized clinical data accrue and mature, this controversial issue will continue to suffer from overinterpretation of inadequate supporting data.

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy resulted in longer overall survival than radiation alone in certain patients with grade 2 gliomas, according to long-term results from a randomized trial.

First-line crizotinib therapy offered better intracranial disease control rate than chemotherapy in patients with ALK-positive non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and stable treated brain metastases.

In this article, we will discuss some of the vaccination and oncolytic virus strategies being evaluated in the clinic for malignant gliomas. The vaccines reviewed here include the cell-based and the non–cell-based.

The promise of vaccine-based anticancer therapies has been explored for a number of years. However, the research met with little success in its early phases, largely because of a poor understanding of the biology of the immune system and its role in combatting cancer.

There was no significant difference in the decline in IQ score over time between pediatric brain tumor patients treated with either photon radiation or proton beam radiation therapy, according to a new study.

A pooled analysis revealed that the anticonvulsants valproic acid and levetiracetam do not improve progression-free or overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Adult survivors of childhood astroglial tumors with significant vision loss are more likely to suffer various psychological and socioeconomic impacts such as unemployment.

Innovative “adaptive” clinical trial designs are using molecular tools and biomarkers in ways that will streamline research efforts and bring new treatments more quickly to regulatory approval and clinical use.

Expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is associated with poor glioblastoma outcomes.

Pregnancy might stimulate tumor growth among women diagnosed with gliomas, according to a single-institution retrospective review of cases.

HLA-A2-positive glioblastoma patients experienced more frequent immune responses to the dendritic-cell immunotherapy IDT-107, responses that may be associated with improved survival.

Adding adjuvant gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy using aglatimagene besadenovec and valacyclovir to standard of care improves survival among patients undergoing surgery for newly diagnosed malignant glioma.

Early results from an ongoing trial suggest that pembrolizumab has promising activity in untreated melanoma patients with brain metastases.

Targeted MAPK-pathway inhibitor therapies appear to have reduced tumor sizes in four children’s inoperable astrocytomas-tumors that had progressed despite chemotherapy.

Adding procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine to radiotherapy offers pronounced survival benefits for patients with low-grade gliomas harboring IDH1 R132H mutations.

Serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and HER2 extra-cellular domain (HER2-ECD) might be predictive biomarkers for the metastasis of breast cancer to the brain, according to a case-control study.

Adding rindopepimut to bevacizumab therapy was associated with improved long-term survival in patients with recurrent EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma.

Despite promising progression-free survival results, the combination of bevacizumab and lomustine for the treatment of first recurrence in glioblastoma did not improve overall survival, according to findings from the phase III EORTC-26101 trial.

The US Food and Drug Administration announced an expanded indication for the Optune device to treat newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma multiforme.

A recent study highlights factors that predict worse prognosis for patients with germ cell tumors whose cancer has spread to the brain, including the presence of liver or bone metastases, multiple brain metastases, and others.