Gastrointestinal Cancer

A month of postoperative radiotherapy preceded by radiosensitizing boluses of fluorouracil (5-FU) slashed the recurrence rate and markedly improved survival in patients with Dukes B and C rectal cancer in a study from the Norwegian Adjuvant Rectal Cancer Project Group, presented at the European Cancer Conference (ECCO-8).

Most patients who have pancreatic cancer present with advanced disease that is not amenable to surgery. For patients whose disease is amenable to surgery and who are managed with surgical resection alone, local

The past 20 years have witnessed important changes in the manner in which many people with cancer are opting to deal with their disease. In the past, patients yielded to their physicians' treatment choices and assumed that they

Alleviation of tumor-related symptoms may be a more appropriate basis for judging drug efficacy in pancreatic cancer than is tumor shrinkage. Clinical benefit response (CBR), a new

Many people who are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer react with a normal level of sadness. In others, however, depression represents a concomitant illness, perhaps with a biologic basis. Regardless of their origin, these mood

The treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer requires the expertise of medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and surgical oncologists. The surgeon's role

The goals of oncology social work are to facilitate patient and family adjustment to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease; to promote psychosocial recovery and rehabilitation

For the patient with advanced pancreatic cancer, curative strategies may not be appropriate, and palliative symptom management may be the best approach to patient care. Oncologists,

The oncology nurse attends not only to the physiologic needs of the patient with pancreatic cancer but also to the educational, economic, logistic, and psychosocial factors that impact on quality of care. Managing patient care

The interval between follow-up colonoscopies may be increased from 1 to 3 years for colorectal cancer patients whose examinations are negative after 2 years, concludes a study of 389 patients at the Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisianna,

With the maturation of several clinical trials in the late 1990s, oncology researchers are on the verge of determining which types of nutritional interventions will be effective in the primary prevention of colon cancer, David S. Alberts, md, said at the

PHILADELPHIA--The addition of trimetrexate (NeuTrexin) to the standard chemotherapeutic regimen of fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer resulted in an improved response rate with no greater toxicity in a study reported at the Oncology Nursing Society meeting.

INDIANAPOLIS--Eli Lilly and Company's Gemzar (gemcitabine) is now available for use in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.

FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla--The frequency of surveillance after colectomy, particularly CEA testing, was a major topic of discussion after the presentation of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's (NCCN) preliminary guidelines on colorectal cancer, one of eight such guidelines introduced at the coalition's first annual conference.

There already is a strong body of evidence suggesting that long-term, consistent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) reduces the relative risk of colon cancer. Questions recently have been raised, however, concerning the way in which these drugs exert their protective effect.

Irinotecan {Campo} a new anticancer agent developed by Rhone -Poulenc Rorer Inc, demonstrates significant activity in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, according to research presented at the Eighth Annual European Cancer Conference (ECCO-8) in Paris.

Drs. Blackstock, Cox, and Tepper have outlined some salient aspects of the management of pancreatic cancer. I agree with most of their comments, and will address some issues from my own perspective, colored largely by a symposium on cancer of the pancreas held in Newport, Rhode Island, in July 1994. This gathering of a large nucleus of investigators with a major interest in pancreatic cancer provided some additional insights that I will explore in my commentary and that largely complement the points made by Blackstock et al. Among other issues, my remarks will focus on: (1) the use of molecular markers for diagnosis and treatment, (2) preoperative chemoradiation, and (3) some surgical considerations that still generate controversy; ie, the extent of resection.

Blackstock and colleagues present a well-written, comprehensive review of the current state of management of both resectable and unresectable pancreatic carcinoma, as well as ongoing research and future strategies. Unfortunately, in the majority of patients, the disease is locally advanced at diagnosis, with or without regional and distant metastases. Unlike recent advances in screening for both prostate and breast cancer, no reliable and/or cost-effective method for identifying patients at risk for pancreatic cancer is available. Also, there is currently no reliable hematologic marker that can identify patients whose cancers are in the earliest developmental stage. Blackstock et al do emphasize that recent advances in laparoscopic techniques have led to better selection of patients for subsequent exploration and surgical resection. Given the reduction in operative mortality during the last 10 years, survival rates have improved.

Dr. Blackstock and colleagues are to be commended for their concise review broadly outlining current advances in the management of pancreatic cancer and future avenues of development.

In an attempt to improve the grave prognosis associated with the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, researchers have explored a number of novel therapies. These include hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals, and novel chemotherapeutic agents.

The hormone somatostatin may be effective in treating some patients with pancreatic cancer, new research suggests. Studies conducted in mice and in laboratory samples found that pancreatic tumors responded to somatostatin only if the tumor cells had receptors for the hormone.

Sulindac sulfone, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) recently tested in the laboratories of the Arizona Cancer Center, may prove to be an effective colon cancer preventive agent.

NEW YORK--Patients with stage III colon cancer are being sought for a clinical trial newly underway to determine whether the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 17-1A is an effective adjuvant in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus levamisole, said Richard Pazdur, MD, associate professor of medicine, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.

CHICAGO--Over the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to the palliative care of patients whose colon cancer has not responded to curative treatment so that they may achieve the best possible quality of life.

NEW YORK--A novel nucleoside analog has demonstrated clinical benefits measured by reduction in pain, weight gain, and an improvement in performance status in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Menko and colleagues review the genetic counseling that occurs after the presymptomatic diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is made. The discovery of the mechanism by which tumors develop in this setting and the cloning of the genes responsible for the disease have made possible the DNA-based diagnosis of a disease, which, less than 5 years ago, was a controversial entity. In a remarkably short period, the nature of HNPCC has been greatly elucidated, its relationship to defective DNA mismatch repair has become manifest, and the means to diagnose it in a presymptomatic state has been developed [1].

Recent identification of gene mutations responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) has made possible the presymptomatic diagnosis of at-risk family members. If DNA testing shows that a family member is a gene carrier, that individual's lifetime cancer risk is approximately 90%. If the test is negative, the family member's cancer risk drops to that of the general population.

BOSTON--Aspirin appears to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in women, but only if taken regularly for 10 years or more, report Edward Giovannucci, MD, and his colleagues from Harvard Medical School.

MIAMI BEACH--Patients treated for Hodgkin's disease are at moderately increased risk of developing secondary gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, Sandra H. Birdwell, MD, said at the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncol-ogy (ASTRO) meeting.

The endoscopic diagnosis, staging, and therapy of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies has advanced rapidly and dramatically over the past 15 years. Video-endoscopy has generally replaced fiberoptic endoscopy, and the digitally based fidelity, sharper resolution, and improved magnification of the video-endoscopic image offers a potentially better approach for the evaluation of mucosal abnormalities.