Your AI-Trained Oncology Knowledge Connection!
Most thyroid cancers are slow-growing, easily treatable tumors with an excellent prognosis after surgical resection and targeted medical therapy. Unfortunately, 10% to 15% of thyroid cancers exhibit aggressive behavior and do not follow an indolent course. Approximately one-third of patients with differentiated thyroid cancers will have tumor recurrences. Distant metastases are present in about 20% of patients with recurrent cancer.
In part 2, we address risk assessment and staging, findings that suggest the presence of aggressive tumors, recurrent/metastatic disease, and treatment with chemotherapy and external-beam radiotherapy. Experimental treatments utilizing molecular targets, redifferentiation agents, and gene therapy are covered briefly as well.
AstraZeneca, Zactima, ZD6474, medullary thyroid cancer
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted fast-track designation for the investigation of ZD6474 (Zactima) in treating medullary thyroid carcinoma. For advanced thyroid cancer, there is currently no curative modality or approved chemotherapy. ZD6474 also received orphan drug designation last year for the treatment of patients with follicular, medullary, anaplastic, and locally advanced and metastatic papillary thyroid cancer.
Part 1 of this two-part article describes in detail the distinct types of thyroid cancer, as well as risk factors, outcomes, and prognostic factors, with a focus on thyroid cancers of follicular cell origin.
Combined-modality positronemissiontomography (PET)–computed tomography (CT) isbecoming the imaging method ofchoice for an increasing number ofoncology indications. The goal of thispaper is to review the evidence-basedliterature justifying PET-CT fusion.The best evidence comes from prospectivestudies of integrated PETCTscans compared to other methodsof acquiring images, with histopathologicconfirmation of disease presenceor absence. Unfortunately, veryfew studies provide this kind of data.Retrospective studies with similarcomparisons can be used to provideevidence favoring the use of integratedPET-CT scans in specific clinicalsituations. Also, inferential conclusionscan be drawn from studies whereclinical rather than pathologic dataare used to establish disease presenceor absence.
Medicare will grant limited coverage for the use of positronemissiontomography (PET) for certain of its beneficiariessuffering from thyroid cancer, the Centers for Medicare andMedicaid Services (CMS) recently announced. CMS also said that ithad refused a request to provide PET coverage for soft-tissue sarcomabecause imaging techniques currently covered by Medicare providegood diagnostic results.
NEW YORK-An ongoing trial of thalidomide (Thalomid) in patients with aggressive, advanced papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas produced an early response rate of 76%, according to a report presented at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine Chemotherapy Foundation Symposium XX.
An advisory group to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has delayed a decision on whether to recommend Medicare coverage for positron-emission tomography (PET) with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the
WASHINGTON-An advisory group to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has delayed a decision on whether to recommend Med-icare coverage for positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiopharmaceutical F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the management of thyroid cancer and soft tissue sarcoma.
WASHINGTON-Scientists have concluded that no increased risk of thyroid disease, including cancer, befell children exposed to Iodine-131 released from the Hanford Nuclear Weapons Production Facility in Washington State. According to
ROCKVILLE, Maryland-The FDA has issued new recommendations for administering potassium iodide to reduce the risk of thyroid cancer in children and adults in emergencies involving the release of radioactive iodine into the environment.
The increasing frequency of diagnosis and death of patients with follicular cell-derived carcinoma of the thyroid substantiates the need for a broad understanding of the optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies for this disease. Dr. Angelos has provided a good overview of the treatment modalities and approaches to follow-up for these patients. However, several points require additional emphasis or detail.
The management of well-differentiated thyroid cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach. The majority of patients are diagnosed only after a nodule is palpable. A cytologic evaluation can readily diagnose a papillary thyroid carcinoma but a follicular carcinoma requires determination of capsular or vascular invasion.
Well-differentiated thyroid cancer is something of an anomaly in the field of oncology for two primary reasons. First, the team of physicians who manage the patient consists primarily of endocrinologists, endocrine surgeons, and nuclear medicine physicians instead of medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and radiation oncologists. Second, there is an extremely high rate of cure with remarkable 10- and 20-year survival rates due to the indolent nature of the tumor, even in the setting of lymph node metastases.
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) detected recurrent cancer 50% more often than did conventional imaging in people with thyroid cancer who had indications that their cancer had recurred, according to results of
Selective neck dissection is a procedure that is primarily indicated in patients with clinically negative nodal disease in which there is a high risk of occult metastases. Others have advocated its use for patients with
NEW YORK-Ernst Wynder, MD, founder of the American Health Foundation and a pioneer in preventive medicine, died July 14 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. He was 77 years old. The cause was thyroid cancer.
In the course of a cancer-related study, researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center stumbled upon an important genetic mechanism that may help in the treatment of two rare thyroid diseases.
Carcinoma of the Thyroid is the first edition of a text dedicated to the anatomy, physiology, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid malignancy. The book is written in a fairly uniform format, with 17 chapters contributed either by one of the editors or
Contrary to what most physicians believe, the most common forms of thyroid cancer are no more serious in pregnant women than they are in other women, new research shows.
In this review, we provide a framework for clinical decision-making in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. The clinical discussion and treatment recommendations are relevant to an adult population (more than 16
As an endocrinologist who sees many patients with thyroid carcinoma and is active in postgraduate teaching, I must voice my reservations about some of the recommendations made in the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) practice guidelines
SAN FRANCISCO-Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may offer clinicians a partial solution to the problem of identifying follicular variants of papillary thyroid cancers, Larry Shemen, MD, said at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. The traditional method of identifying follicular lesions, frozen section analysis, is often inconclusive, he noted. With the frozen section technique, the hallmark of this cancer-capsular or vascular invasion-may not be seen in the particular field studied, producing a false-negative result.
The Society of Surgical Oncology surgical practice guidelines focus on the signs and symptoms of primary cancer, timely evaluation of the symptomatic patient, appropriate preoperative evaluation for extent of disease, and role of the surgeon in
