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BURLINGTON, Vermont-Despite the availability of effective antiemetics, oncologists and oncology nurses often fail to recognize chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. This finding was based on a study comparing predictions of physicians and nurses to the experiences of patients as recorded in their diaries and reported in questionnaires (ASCO abstract 996).

WASHINGTON-Almost twice as many blacks (45%) smoke as the general population (25%), but blacks are 34% less successful than others at kicking the habit. Smoking cessation approaches that work with this population are particularly important.

BETHESDA, Maryland-Oncologists nationwide now have access to National Cancer Institute (NCI) clinical trials under a new policy intended to encourage a wider participation in phase III studies. The new policy makes it easier for oncologists to become credentialed as investigators and to enroll their patients in the advanced studies through NCI’s Cancer Trials Support Unit (CTSU). Previously, access to NCI’s clinical trials was limited to members of NCI’s cooperative groups.

Previous research has demonstrated that many patients enrolled in clinical trials incorrectly believe that the primary purpose of

MOUNTAIN VIEW, California-Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil, Caelyx) offered a sustained clinical benefit to 37% of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma vs 16% of patients treated with liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in a randomized trial comparing the two drugs (ASCO abstract 1640).

ORLANDO-European researchers have shown that transdermal fentanyl (Duragesic) is as effective as sustained-release morphine and better tolerated when given to strong-opioid-naïve patients with chronic cancer pain, according to a poster presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology’s 38th Annual Meeting (abstract 1506).

SEATTLE-The standard treatments for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) are significantly less effective in HIV-infected women than in HIV-uninfected women, according to the results of a study presented at the 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (abstract LB16).

ROCKVILLE, Maryland-The FDA has approved the MammoSite Radiation Therapy System (Proxima Therapeutics, Alpharetta, Georgia), to deliver adjuvant radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery for patients with early-stage disease. The device is designed to irradiate the surgical site with minimal exposure to surrounding tissue. It consists of a hollow catheter, to which an inflatable balloon is attached. After surgery, the device is implanted, the balloon inflated, and a radiation source is placed in the catheter. The balloon centers the radiation source at the wound site. After a series of treatments, generally extending over several days, the catheter is withdrawn.

New data for 1999 show that death rates for all cancers continued to decline in the United States. However, the number of cancer cases is expected to rise in coming years due to the growth and aging of the population, according to a recent report. The "Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1973-1999, Featuring Implications of Age and Aging on the US Cancer Burden" was published in a recent issue of the journal Cancer (94:2766-2792, 2002).

ORLANDO-Pemetrexed (Alimta) plus cisplatin (Platinol) with folic acid/vitamin B12 supplementation should be considered standard front-line therapy for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, MD, said at the plenary session of the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (abstract 5).

TEL HASHOMER, Israel-Israeli investigators report that a new technique delivering waves of paclitaxel (Taxol) directly into recurrent brain tumors has produced significant responses in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (ASCO abstract 316).

A 66-year-old Asian woman presents with chronic heartburn and epigastric discomfort. She has suffered with these symptoms most of her adult life and underwent multiple upper gastrointestinal series in her homeland, China. The radiologic

Every 3 years, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) asks researchers, advisory panels, and advocacy groups to recommend "extraordinary opportunities for investment," which it defines as "broad-based, overarching areas of scientific pursuit that hold tremendous promise for significantly expanding our understanding of cancer."

WASHINGTON-More than one in four American high school students smoke cigarettes, but tobacco use among this age group has steadily declined since 1997, according to a school-based study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

WASHINGTON-In 1997, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued new guidelines for radiation therapy that, for the first time, permitted outpatient use of radioactive iodine therapy in selected patients (ie, highly compliant patients discharged to low-occupancy settings). Previously, this therapy had required inpatient treatment and 3 days of isolation.

SAN FRANCISCO-Use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including PKI166 (investigational, Novartis) and imatinib mesylate (STI571, Gleevec) can significantly reduce the size of metastatic bone tumors, decrease angiogenesis, and preserve bone structures, according to animal studies presented at the 93rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research.

Dr. Yee and his colleagues have offered a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy of both gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. They correctly note the infrequency of these two neoplasms, with approximately 7,500 cases diagnosed in the United States each year, two-thirds of which are gallbladder cancer. Unfortunately, neither the incidence rate nor prognosis of these neoplasms has changed substantially since biliary tumors were last reviewed in this journal[1]; the median 5-year survival rate has remained at 5%. Some progress has been made, however, in our understanding of the etiology of cancers of the biliary tract, and a body of literature continues to emerge exploring the question of how best to approach screening and prophylaxis in high-risk populations.

In December 2000, ONCOLOGY’s Jim McCarthy sent me a letter, inviting me to prepare an article for the journal on "The Current Status of Chemotherapy Sensitivity Assays." I was informed that the paper would be referred to one or two reviewers, who would write a commentary to be published alongside the paper. The commentary, I was told, might be "entirely laudatory, highly critical, or somewhere in between," and the result, "both lively and informative."

R115777 (Zarnestra) is an orally available methylquinolone derivative from Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C. that is a potent and selective nonpeptidomimetic farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI).[1] FTIs represent a new class of agents that were originally developed to inhibit tumors by interfering with posttranslational processing of oncogenic Ras protein. The anticancer activity of FTIs might stem from their ability to effect various proteins other than Ras that can also mediate signal transduction, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and growth.[2]

Drs. Yee and colleagues have done an excellent job of surveying the treatment of gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinomas. These relatively uncommon tumors are among the more difficult encountered by surgical, medical, and radiation oncologists, as evidenced by the lack of new therapies or change in prognosis over the past several decades.

The article by Dr. William Breitbart and Lucia DiBiase offers an excellent in-depth review of our current knowledge of the epidemiology, pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic interventions in the field of pain management in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Concern about prescribing controlled substances underlies, in part, the undertreatment of pain, even in palliative care settings. That the same is true for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients is therefore not surprising, particularly given injection drug use as a risk factor.

Cancers of the gallbladder and biliary tract are uncommon malignancies in the United States with a combined incidence of less than 8,000 new cases per year, about 5,000 of which are gallbladder cancer and about 2,000 to 3,000 of which are cholangiocarcinomas, including intrahepatic, hilar, and distal bile duct cancers.[1] For gallbladder cancer with mucosa-confined disease, the 5-year survival rate is approximately 32%, and for advanced disease, less than 10% of patients survive longer than 1 year.[2]

As active participants in the care of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), oncologists need to be aware of the many facets of pain management in this population. This two-part article, which began in the

Neoplasms of the biliary tract tree are uncommon and have a poor overall prognosis. Although numerous risk factors have been identified, little is known about the pathogenesis of these tumors, and no effective screening

ORLANDO-When combined with standard antiemetic therapy, the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist aprepitant (MK-869[M]) protects against acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, according to two separate studies (ASCO abstracts 1467 and 1467).

SAN ANTONIO, Texas-An exercise rehabilitation program similar to that used for cardiac patients significantly improved both exercise tolerance and quality of life (QOL) for cancer patients participating in a pilot study. Stacey Young-McCaughan, RN, PhD, and colleagues tested the exercise program in patients at two military medical centers in San Antonio, Texas. Lieutenant Colonel Young-McCaughan is deputy director of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs at the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command at Fort Detrick, Maryland.

SEATTLE-The proportions of deaths in HIV-infected individuals caused by non-AIDS-related diseases have increased since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), according to a study presented at the 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (abstract 14). Mitchell I. Wolfe, MD, MPH, medical epidemiologist, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), presented the data.

The world’s first clinically operational molecular imager with lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) technology-the biograph LSO, manufactured by Siemens Medical Solutions-has produced a precisely registered, combined positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) image in 7 minutes at the Hong Kong Baptist Hospital. The biograph LSO imager uses the high-speed properties of LSO as the PET scintillator to provide shorter scan times and unmatched patient throughput.

SAN FRANCISCO-More than one-third of cancer outpatients report two or more symptoms such as pain, fatigue, nausea, depression, and sleep disturbances. Because severity of individual symptoms and risk of clinical depression both worsen as the number of symptoms increases, these symptom clusters or groupings have important clinical implications, according to Marylin J. Dodd, RN, PhD, professor of nursing at the University of California at San Francisco.