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Challenges in the Modern Treatment of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Still missing in our treatment of bladder cancer are the tools to accurately predict response to a specific therapy, whether it be chemotherapy, radiation, or transurethral resection alone. Once we have these tools, we will be well on our way to applying a more intelligent, true personalized medicine approach to the treatment of this disease.

Apoptosis and Response to Radiation: Implications for Radiation Therapy

Quantitative radiation biology was revolutionized in 1956 when Puck and Marcus published the first cell survival curve, relating radiation dose to the fraction of cells surviving.[1] The term "survival" generated a great deal of discussion at that time and led to the definition of such terms as "reproductive death," "reproductive integrity," and "clonogenicity" (among others), all designed to explain that the end point of cell culture experiments is the loss of the cell's ability to divide indefinitely and produce a sizable visible clone.

Combination Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer: Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, UFT, and Tamoxifen

We evaluated combination therapy for advanced and recurrent breast cancer with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), uracil and tegafur (UFT), and tamoxifen (Nolvadex) (CAUT), designed as

Commentary (Stanford/Ostrander): Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program

Bruner et al describe a model for risk assessment and genetic counseling of individuals and families at increased risk for prostate cancer. This model includes the establishment of a prostate cancer risk registry and screening clinic for unaffected

Hypofractionation for Breast Cancer: Lessons Learned From Our Neighbors to the North and Across the Pond

In this review we discuss the rationale and underlying radiobiologic concepts for hypofractionation, and review the clinical trials and ASTRO guidelines supporting hypofractionated radiation in the treatment of breast cancer.

Hereditary Renal Tumor Syndromes and the Use of mTOR Inhibitors

A 47-year-old woman with a history of drug-resistant epilepsy during childhood presented to the emergency department with sudden dyspnea and chest pain. Upon admission, her oxygen saturation was 88%.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Ductal Carcinoma in Situ

Management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) commonly involves excision, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Radiotherapy is employed for local control in breast conservation. Evidence is evolving for several radiotherapy techniques exist beyond standard whole-breast irradiation.

21 TiP Pivotal Phase 3, Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Aminolevulinic Acid for the Real-time Visualization of Cancer Through Fluorescent Imaging During Breast-Conserving Surgery

Can Locoregional Therapies Be Used in Metastatic Gastroesophageal Cancers?

As part of our coverage of the 2018 GI Cancers Symposium, we discussed the role of locoregional therapies for patients with metastatic esophageal and gastric cancers.

Using Genetic Testing to Help Prevent Colon Cancer

In this interview we discuss the role of genetic testing in patients with colon cancer.

Approaching Use of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Metastatic HR+, HER2- Breast Cancer

An otherwise healthy 58-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer presents to the clinic with newly diagnosed metastatic disease; eventual abdominal CT showed a mass in the transverse colon with ascites and peritoneal nodularity. What is the best initial systemic treatment for her?

Further Thoughts on Adjuvant Treatment for Older Breast Cancer Patients

The adjuvant treatment of breast cancer is facing a challenging phase due to the increasing knowledge of breast cancer biology and consequent need to personalize treatments. Medical oncologists are asked to practice evidence-based medicine, but their approach is often based on results of trials conducted in extremely heterogeneous populations.

Seeing Red: Anthracyclines for Breast Cancer

Dr. Henderson provides a thoughtful perspective on an important question that many clinicians often consider: can we ditch anthracyclines in favor of other, more effective and/or less toxic chemotherapeutic agents?

Implications of the New Face of Head and Neck Cancer

Although screening methods for HPV-OPSCC have not yet been developed, population-based prevention may be achievable through HPV vaccination, but only if concerted efforts are made to increase vaccine uptake in the United States.

A Clinician’s Perspective on ASCO 2001: Going After the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Among the most exciting new anticancer products presented at the 2001 ASCO meeting were new drugs that block the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). About 30% to 90% of carcinomas express high levels of EGFR. These include, among others, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and bladder cancer.

How to Address Sexual Problems in Female Cancer Patients

Sexual health is an important aspect of human life, and cancer does not (and should not) change that. Data suggest that issues related to sexual function are quite common among women treated for cancer. However, clinicians often spend little to no time on the topic.

Endocrine Therapy for Premenopausal Hormone-Responsive Breast Cancer: What Is the Optimal Therapy?

The breast cancer treatment landscape is changing, and the optimal adjuvant endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer is uncertain.

30 Imlunestrant, an Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader, as Monotherapy and Combined With Abemaciclib, for Patients with ER+, HER2– Advanced Breast Cancer, Pretreated With Endocrine Therapy: Results of the Phase 3 EMBER-3 Trial

Clinical Uses of Radiosurgery

Radiosurgery uses stereotactic targeting methods to precisely deliver highly focused, large doses of radiation to small intracranial tumors and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This article reviews the most common

Recent Advances in Hormonal Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer

For many years, prostate cancerhas been known to be sensitiveto androgens. Indeed, endocrinemanipulations aimed at the reductionof serum testosterone to below oraround the castrate range have beenthe mainstay in the management ofadvanced prostate cancer for the past60 years. Despite widespread testing,the advances with this treatment modalityfor prostate cancer over the pastseveral decades have been modest.Unfortunately, the answers to manyrelevant critical questions still lie inthe future. The limiting factor of hormonaltherapy is that a significant proportionof tumor cells are not affectedby androgen deprivation.

Radium-223 in Bone-Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Current Data and Future Prospects

This article will describe the historic background of Ra-223; outline the clinical studies which led to phase III trials of this agent; highlight key results of these phase III studies; and explore possible future directions for use of Ra-223 and other alpha particles-both in prostate cancer and for management of other diseases.

Management of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Implications for Treatment of Other Cancers

The article by Drs. Stein and Tallman is an excellent summary indicating that several different approaches may lead to the cure of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).

The Sentinel Node in Colorectal Carcinoma

The role of sentinel lymph node identification has been investigated over the past decade in a variety of malignancies. It has become part of standard care for melanoma. Its role in breast cancer is evolving, but with the completion of two large randomized clinical trials, it will probably be added to the surgical armamentarium for the management of most breast cancers. Studies have been proposed or are under way to evaluate sentinel node mapping in head and neck cancer, penile and vulvar cancer, and gastrointestinal cancers.

Biological Basis of Radiation Sensitivity

Recent studies have elucidated some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that determine the sensitivity or resistance to ionizing radiation. These findings ultimately may be useful in devising new strategies to improve the

Management of Heavy Chain Diseases: The Challenges of Biologic Heterogeneity

In the absence of a clear understanding of the underlying biologic heterogeneity, the etiology of the different heavy chain diseases (HCDs) should be taken into consideration when treatment decisions are made. Extrapolation from related conditions, such as aggressive lymphomas (in γ-HCD) and CLL (in μ-HCD), suggests that novel and targeted therapies may be effective in the management of these rare diseases.

Whole-Body PET Imaging of Breast Cancer Characteristics to Improve Precision Treatment

However, it is becoming ever clearer that tumor characteristics can change during the course of disease. Given this change over time, other supporting techniques for guiding therapy would be of value. Molecular radionuclide imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) can potentially fulfill this need.

Outline of Oncology Therapeutics

Outline of Oncology Therapeutics is a well-written, concise, and up-to-date book providing detailed descriptions of a variety of medications and issues important to the overall care and treatment of patients with cancer. Oncology practice today

Persistence of Lymphedema Reduction After Noninvasive Complex Lymphedema Therapy

Secondary lymphedema is quite prevalent in cancer patients who require lymph node dissection for staging and/or treatment of their disease. Chronic lymphedema may arise shortly after surgical intervention or months to years afterward. The tendency of chronic lymphedema is to worsen over time.

New Combinations With Epirubicin in Advanced Breast Cancer

Several trials have shown that anthracyclines and taxanes can be combined to achieve response rates ranging from 70% to 90%, with complete responses ranging from 19% to 41%. In an attempt to increase the activity while