Breast Cancer

Choline, an essential nutrient found in foods such as eggs, is associated with a 24% reduced risk of breast cancer, according to a study supported by a grant from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), to be published in the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) Journal's print issue in June.This study adds to the growing body of evidence that links egg consumption to a decreased risk of breast cancer.

CPM may be a rational choice for patients with known BRCA mutations, patients who have received therapeutic chest radiation, and some mastectomy patients.

This article reviews recent findings from clinical trials of epothilones and discusses future directions for the use of these agents in cancer therapy, with a focus on the two most-studied epothilones to date: ixabepilone and patupilone.

Epothilones, representing a newer class of naturally occurring antimicrotubule macrolides, have emerged as cytotoxic agents with significant antitumor activity against tumors that are resistant to taxanes.

Ms. Donovan and Dr. Vahdat present a review of the literature on a novel class of agents, the epothilones, focusing in particular on the two most-investigated agents to date-patupilone and ixabepilone (Ixempra).

Xoft, Inc’s Axxent Electronic Brachytherapy System, initially FDA approved for accelerated partial breast irradiation in patients with resected early-stage breast cancer, has now received expanded FDA clearance for the treatment of other cancers or conditions where radiation therapy is indicated.

Pilot studies presented at the 2007 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium have found robust activity for the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib (Sutent) when given with docetaxel (Taxotere) (abstract 6079) or paclitaxel (abstract 6078) as first-line treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer.

An international team of researchers has developed a predictive model that accurately estimates which breast cancer patients may relapse after neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, Matthew Ellis, MD, PhD, said at the 2007 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (abstract 62).

Digital tomosynthesis appears to be more sensitive than digital mammography for detecting breast cancer in a clinical setting, Debra M. Ikeda, MD, of Stanford University, reported at the 2007 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (abstract 46).

About one-third of metastatic breast cancer patients with HER2 overexpression develop metastases to the brain, compared with 5% to 20% of the general metastatic breast cancer population, according to findings from a large observational study in newly diagnosed HER2-positive breast cancer.

Among women at high risk for breast cancer, screening with magnetic resonance imaging is clearly cost-effective in those with BRCA 1/2 mutations but somewhat less so in those whose elevated risk is due to other factors, according to a new study.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can help stratify patients with metastatic breast cancer in terms of likely survival and should therefore be considered for incorporation into the current AJCC staging system, according to a study presented at the 2007 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (abstract 111).

The patient, DB, is a 47-year-old woman who has been married 24 years. Her daughter is away at college and her son is a high school senior. Last summer, DB was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. She had one positive lymph node with an estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor strongly positive tumor.

The patient, KC, is a 41-year-old Caucasian female. She has been married to SC for 16 years and has three children, aged 14, 11, and 9 years old. She has always been a homemaker with plenty of energy and says that she has been “the rock” during any crisis. KC was diagnosed with T2N1M0 poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with lobular features in 2007. She decided to have a mastectomy without immediate reconstruction because she did not know if reconstruction was what she wanted. She has also undergone four courses of chemotherapy (doxorubicin [Adriamycin] and paclitaxel [Taxol]) followed by radiation therapy.

The patient, RJ, a 61-year-old female, was diagnosed with stage IIIA, hormone-positive, HER2-negative infiltrating ductal breast cancer 4 years ago. Following a lumpectomy and axillary node dissection, she was treated with systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy with an aromatase inhibitor. At her 3-year follow-up visit, she complained of a persistent cough, dyspnea, and vague bone pain in her lower back and hips. Staging diagnostic exams revealed several pulmonary nodules and multiple bone metastases, primarily in the bilateral hips, left ribs, and left femur.

TOP2A FISH pharmDx assay has received FDA approval for use as an adjunct to existing clinical and pathological information in determining the prognosis for patients with relatively high-risk breast cancer.

Four-year follow-up of the French/Belgian PACS-04 trial in early breast cancer found a trend toward benefit with sequential trastuzumab (Herceptin) in the first 18 months but, somewhat surprisingly, no difference in disease-free survival at 4 years. Marc Spielmann, MD, of the Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France, reported the findings at the 2007 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (abstract 72).

FDA has given Genentech's antiangiogenesis agent Avastin (bevacizumab) accelerated approval for use in combination with paclitaxel for the first-line treatment of metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer.

In one of the most ambitious clinical trial efforts to date, a phase III study involving 8,000 participants in 50 countries across six continents will provide a head-to-head comparison of trastuzumab (Herceptin) and lapatinib (Tykerb) in HER2-positive patients with early-stage breast cancer who have recently completed chemotherapy.

The HER2-positive breast cancer population appears to be a heterogeneous group with a wide variation in response to trastuzumab (Herceptin). Higher levels of HER2 expression as well as HER2:HER2 dimerization were independently correlated with high response rates and longer time to progression in a study reported at the 2007 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (abstract 2007).

In the neoadju-vant setting, adding the investigational agent RAD001 (everolimus) to letrozole (Femara) improves antitumor activity in breast cancer patients, with a tradeoff of some increased toxicity, according to results presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (abstract 2066).

The adjuvant treatment of breast cancer is facing a challenging phase due to the increasing knowledge of breast cancer biology and consequent need to personalize treatments. Medical oncologists are asked to practice evidence-based medicine, but their approach is often based on results of trials conducted in extremely heterogeneous populations.

Two targeted agents designed to treat HER2-positive breast cancer are being tested in a new study involving 8,000 participants in 50 countries across six continents-a clinical trial that investigators hope will provide a new model for global cancer research.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for bevacizumab (Avastin), in combination with paclitaxel chemotherapy, for the treatment of patients who have not received chemotherapy for metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common life-threatening malignancy in women, and the second leading cancer killer of women, claiming the lives of over 40,000 American women annually. Breast cancer incidence increases with advancing age until age 80, and the median age at diagnosis is 61.

The 21-gene recurrence score assay (Oncotype DX) was applied to early breast cancer patients with hormone-receptor and axillary lymph node positivity in two studies reported at the 2007 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. Their findings suggest that the recurrence score can identify subsets most likely to benefit from chemotherapy.

A rapid molecular assay outperforms frozen sections when it comes to detecting breast cancer metastases in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), new data show. Moreover, the assay tends to perform better in cases where detection of metastases by frozen section is known to be difficult, such as cases of lobular carcinoma.

As first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer in HER2-positive patients, trastuzumab (Herceptin) can be given as a single agent, followed by docetaxel (Taxotere) upon progression, without compromising time to recurrence and providing a better toxicity profile

Greater utilization of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI at the University of California, San Diego, over a 6-year period helped improve surgery planning for tough breast cancer cases without hiking mastectomy rates

Sequential docetaxel (Taxotere)-based chemotherapy did not lead to better outcomes than standard anthracycline-based chemotherapy among women with resected breast cancer in the Taxotere as Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial (TACT), the largest primary adjuvant trial of taxanes to date.