Genitourinary Cancers

TRC105, a monoclonal antibody against endoglin, failed to improve progression-free survival when added to bevacizumab compared with bevacizumab alone in patients with refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

The combination of ramucirumab and docetaxel prolonged progression-free survival over chemotherapy alone in patients with platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma, the first time in this setting that a regimen has improved outcomes over chemotherapy.

The advantage with pembrolizumab has continued to improve, offering significantly better overall survival than chemotherapy in patients with recurrent, advanced urothelial carcinoma, according to the mature results of a phase III trial.

More than half of patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with a combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab responded to treatment at week 24, according to interim results of a phase I/II study presented at the 2017 ESMO Congress.

The first head-to-head comparison of docetaxel and abiraterone acetate for high-risk prostate cancer patients starting long-term hormone therapy found benefit with both treatments when added to ADT. Treatment decisions may come down to specific toxicities, which differ between the treatments.

An analysis that corrected for differences in implementation found that the two main trials of prostate cancer screening in Europe and the United States both show a reduction in prostate cancer mortality with screening.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that has become resistant to docetaxel chemotherapy represents one of the greatest clinical challenges in the management of this disease.

African American patients with localized renal cell carcinoma who underwent robotic partial nephrectomy were at an increased risk for positive surgical margins compared with white patients.

Immediate treatment with androgen-deprivation therapy for men with asymptomatic non-curable prostate cancer did not have major effects on quality of life compared with delayed use, according to a phase III trial.

Two different doses of cabazitaxel failed to show superiority with regard to overall survival over docetaxel as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Men with non-metastatic prostate cancer who receive androgen deprivation therapy risk loss of bone mineral density and fractures, but both bisphosphonates and denosumab can improve their bone health.

In patients with stage II to III urothelial carcinoma, bladder-preservation therapy was associated with poorer overall survival compared with radical cystectomy, according to a database study.

Certain histologic variants of urothelial bladder cancer benefit more from neoadjuvant chemotherapy, according to a new study.

Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma had durable responses and manageable safety when treated with the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab.

An immediate instillation of chemotherapy with mitomycin C following transurethral resection of a bladder tumor reduced the risk of recurrence of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Taller men are at increased risk for high-grade prostate cancer and prostate cancer death, according to a large registry study. Greater adiposity is also associated with higher-grade tumors and mortality.

Long-term follow-up found no significant differences in all-cause or disease-related mortality in men with early prostate cancer randomized to either radical prostatectomy or to observation. Surgery led to more adverse events, but less treatment for disease progression.

RNA splicing variants were found to be critical drivers of prostate cancer aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance in African American men.

A urine test of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) was found to be a reliable predictor of recurrence in non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer, according to a new study.

A phase II study has shown that savolitinib is active in a subgroup of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma with gene amplification or mutations in the MET pathway.

Men with prostate cancer and one additional primary cancer may harbor a mutation in a cancer-predisposing gene, but the majority of these men do not meet criteria for clinical genetic testing.

After extended follow-up, the KEYNOTE-052 study has shown that first-line pembrolizumab offers durable responses and no new safety signals in patients with cisplatin-ineligible advanced urothelial cancer.

The combination of pembrolizumab and the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat was active and generally well tolerated in patients with urothelial carcinoma.

In this article, we look at both metastatic hormone-sensitive and metastatic castration-resistant disease, and we highlight several of the emerging categories of advanced prostate cancer that have direct implications for patient management.

Despite high rates of toxicity, a first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor/immunotherapy combination exhibits promising antitumor activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

In this interview we discuss decision making in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

The FDA has granted approval to pembrolizumab (Keytruda) in the first- and second-line settings for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

A prospective phase III validation study found that AZGP1 has significant prognostic utility as a biomarker in localized prostate cancer.

A study may be able to identify which men with aggressive prostate cancer will benefit from androgen deprivation therapy.

Two new studies presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urological Association offer an improved understanding of some genetic underpinnings of prostate cancer.