Genitourinary Cancers

Increases in resource use were not associated with improved survival or quality of care for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, but were associated with higher healthcare costs.

Proton radiation therapy offers some reduced toxicity over IMRT in patients under the age of 65 with prostate cancer, but its cost is nearly double.

The FDA is granting Priority Review for the expanded use of enzalutamide in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Differential methylation in CITED4, as measured in blood, appears to be a promising marker of bladder cancer susceptibility in women.

Abiraterone plus prednisolone/prednisone, or docetaxel, combined with ADT may be the most effective therapies for metastatic hormone-naive prostate cancer.

An 83-year-old man was diagnosed with multiple low-grade transitional cell carcinomas over a 6-year period. A surveillance cystoscopy in year 7 showed high-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma in the bladder trigone. A CT urogram showed a soft-tissue mass with diffuse enhancement in the lower pole of the left kidney, concerning for malignancy.

The first article in this two-part series will provide an overview of both past and present therapeutic vaccination strategies for the promotion of antitumor immunity against prostate cancer.

Alterations to DDR genes were associated with improved outcomes in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who were treated with immunotherapy.

In a large Chinese study, in certain RCC subgroups cancer-specific survival outcomes were better with partial rather than radical nephrectomy.

A meta-analysis was unable to find a conclusive relationship between physical activity and the risk of prostate cancer, though a reduced risk was suggested.

A large phase I trial offers further evidence that the anti–PD-L1 agent avelumab is generally well tolerated and results in relatively few serious adverse events.

Incorporating MRI-based parameters into a risk model could cut down on the number of unnecessary biopsies performed in patients with suspected prostate cancer.

The observed narrowing of racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome since the advent of PSA screening is not as large as previously believed.

The approval of the oral androgen-receptor inhibitor apalutamide (Erleada) is the first to be based on metastasis-free survival.

Pazopanib was not associated with prolonged progression-free survival compared with temsirolimus among patients with advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, but a subgroup analysis of intermediate-risk patients offered some reason for optimism.

Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy is associated with delayed metastasis among patients diagnosed with upper-tract urothelial carcinoma, according to findings from the phase III POUT trial.

Adjuvant therapy with sunitinib after nephrectomy was associated with increased mortality among older women with renal cell carcinoma, according to a subgroup analysis of data from the ASSURE trial.

Combining axitinib and pembrolizumab is “safe and tolerable” among patients with previously untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma, with 73% of patients responding, according to findings from an open-label, phase Ib trial.

Fewer patients diagnosed with testicular cancer were uninsured, and fewer were diagnosed with late-stage disease, following the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid enrollment expansion.

Researchers reported promising safety data from an ongoing phase Ib/II clinical trial for SM-88, an investigational combination therapy that might one day offer an alternative to androgen deprivation therapy for men with recurrent, nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

Long-term follow-up showed that atezolizumab remained well tolerated over more than 3 years, with durable clinical benefit in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Enzalutamide resulted in a 71% reduction in metastatic disease risk among men with castration-resistant prostate cancer and rapid prostate-specific antigen doubling time, according to the first interim analysis of data from the phase III PROSPER trial. 

Researchers are developing a prognostic hypoxia gene signature for patients with localized prostate cancer that could predict biochemical failure and metastasis.

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved abiraterone acetate (Zytiga) tablets in combination with prednisone for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer patients with high-risk, castration-sensitive disease.

Metastatic RCC patients treated with cabozantinib had similar quality-of-life outcomes as those treated with everolimus, but had a longer time to deterioration.

A newly developed clinical model can predict overall survival for patients diagnosed with advanced bladder cancer who are treated with atezolizumab.

Adding docetaxel chemotherapy to frontline hormone therapy improves quality of life and may reduce the need for subsequent treatment, according to an analysis from the STAMPEDE trial.

Adding atezolizumab and bevacizumab to standard care was tolerable and slowed tumor growth in patients with previously untreated clear-cell or sarcomatoid-histology metastatic renal cell carcinoma when compared to sunitinib, according to findings from a phase III study.

Apalutamide was well-tolerated and associated with delayed metastasis in men with high-risk castration-resistant prostate cancer that has become refractory to conventional hormone therapy, according to an early interim analysis of the phase III SPARTAN clinical trial.

Adjuvant radiotherapy after prostatectomy resulted in lower rates of biochemical recurrence, distant metastases, and death compared with surveillance followed by early-salvage radiotherapy in patients with high-risk prostate cancer, according to a new study.