Genitourinary Cancers

A 65-year-old man presented with locally advanced, high-risk prostate cancer. His medical history was remarkable for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and he was an active smoker with a 27 pack-year history.

Chemotherapy is the best option for the initial management of metastatic prostate cancer.

Abiraterone has become the first-choice treatment for men with metastatic prostate cancer.

An intravesical instillation of gemcitabine following TURBT reduced the risk of recurrence in patients with suspected low-grade non–muscle-invasive urothelial cancer.

A neoadjuvant dose-dense regimen was active and well tolerated in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, allowing downstaging of most patients before radical cystectomy.

The US Preventive Services Task Force issued a final recommendation on prostate cancer screening, including that men aged 55 to 69 years should make an individual decision on whether or not to be screened.

Routinely available patient and tumor features accurately predicted the risk progression and death from RCC post nephrectomy, a Mayo Clinic team found.

An at-home online survey was found to be a reasonably accurate way to collect patient comorbidities prior to a physician visit in patients with prostate cancer.

In this podcast, Dr. Emmanuel Antonarakis discusses his novel clinical trial evaluating PARP inhibitors in high-risk and biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

A study found some mutations that are already targeted by approved or investigational drugs for prostate cancer, along with dozens of targets that should be considered as candidates for future trials.

In a pivotal trial, combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab yielded improvement in OS and ORR of poor-risk RCC patients.

Combining mitoxantrone and prednisone with adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy failed to improve overall survival over ADT alone in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

Antibiotics administered within 30 days of starting immunotherapy reduced both PFS and OS for patients with advanced RCC and NSCLC.

Pembrolizumab offered stable or improved measures of global health status and quality of life compared with chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial cancer.

First-line combination therapy with the PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab and the VEGFR TKI axitinib yielded antitumor activity in previously untreated RCC.

The FDA has granted a Breakthrough Therapy designation to the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer.

Increases in resource use were not associated with improved survival or quality of care for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, but were associated with higher healthcare costs.

Proton radiation therapy offers some reduced toxicity over IMRT in patients under the age of 65 with prostate cancer, but its cost is nearly double.

The FDA is granting Priority Review for the expanded use of enzalutamide in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Differential methylation in CITED4, as measured in blood, appears to be a promising marker of bladder cancer susceptibility in women.

Abiraterone plus prednisolone/prednisone, or docetaxel, combined with ADT may be the most effective therapies for metastatic hormone-naive prostate cancer.

An 83-year-old man was diagnosed with multiple low-grade transitional cell carcinomas over a 6-year period. A surveillance cystoscopy in year 7 showed high-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma in the bladder trigone. A CT urogram showed a soft-tissue mass with diffuse enhancement in the lower pole of the left kidney, concerning for malignancy.

The first article in this two-part series will provide an overview of both past and present therapeutic vaccination strategies for the promotion of antitumor immunity against prostate cancer.

Alterations to DDR genes were associated with improved outcomes in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who were treated with immunotherapy.

In a large Chinese study, in certain RCC subgroups cancer-specific survival outcomes were better with partial rather than radical nephrectomy.

A meta-analysis was unable to find a conclusive relationship between physical activity and the risk of prostate cancer, though a reduced risk was suggested.

A large phase I trial offers further evidence that the anti–PD-L1 agent avelumab is generally well tolerated and results in relatively few serious adverse events.

Incorporating MRI-based parameters into a risk model could cut down on the number of unnecessary biopsies performed in patients with suspected prostate cancer.

The observed narrowing of racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome since the advent of PSA screening is not as large as previously believed.

The approval of the oral androgen-receptor inhibitor apalutamide (Erleada) is the first to be based on metastasis-free survival.