Ovarian Cancer

NEW YORK--Three types of genetic modification--chemosensitization of cancer cells, suppression of oncogene function, and chemoprotection of hematopoietic cells--are under study as a means of improving cancer treatment, Albert Deisseroth, MD, PhD, said at the 15th International Bayer Pharma Press Seminar.

Moving into the final recruitment phase, the researchers of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) are seeking 75,000 more men and women ages 55 to 74 to help them determine whether medical tests to detect some of the most common cancers reduce the number of deaths from these diseases. This largest-ever US cancer screening trial will include a total of 148,000 men and women in 10 cities: Denver, Colorado; Washington, DC; Honolulu, Hawaii; Detroit, Michigan; Minneapolis, Minnesota; St Louis, Missouri; Brooklyn, New York; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Marshfield, Wisconsin.

WASHINGTON--An analysis from the National Cancer Institute, drawing on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) and from the National Center for Health Statistics, has found a 5-year decline of 2.6% in overall cancer mortality (see chart on page 1).

According to a new study published in the October 1, 1996, issue of Blood, Hycamtin (topotecan hydrochloride) offers a promising new treatment option for patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Patients treated with topotecan achieved a complete response rate of 28%, while currently used single-agent therapies have traditionally achieved a complete response rate of only 10% to 15% among this high-risk patient group. Topotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor marketed by SmithKline Beecham, is currently indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent, metastatic ovarian cancer.

Oncologists still have no screening test that reliably can detect ovarian cancer in its early stages, and recent genetic advances, while shedding new light on the disease, have further complicated the issue.

SALT LAKE CITY--Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc. and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) have announced a long-term study that will follow the outcomes of patients currently undergoing BRCA1 genetic analysis for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility.

Strategies for chemopreventative drug development are based on the use of well-characterized agents, intermediate biomarkers correlating to cancer incidence, and suitable cohorts for efficacy studies. Since

The standard approaches of surgery or radiotherapy cure only a minority of patients with esophageal cancer. Because of these poor results and the frequent systemic pattern of recurrences, combined-modality therapy

WASHINGTON--The National Coalition for Cancer Research (NCCR) has activated its 18 member organizations to write to Congress in support of S.1897, the NIH Revitalization Act of 1996. This legislation was introduced in the US Senate by Sen. Nancy Kassebaum (R-KS) to revise and extend certain programs of the NIH, including the National Cancer Institute (NCI).

PHILADELPHIA--New computer software is using an investigational algorithm to translate serial CA 125 values and other risk factors into a single number showing a postmenopausal women's risk of developing ovarian cancer, Steven J. Skates, PhD, assistant professor of medicine and biostatistics, Harvard Medical School, said at his American Society of Clinical Oncology poster presentation.

RICHMOND, Ca--Onyx Pharmaceuticals has announced an extension and expansion of its research alliance with Eli Lilly focusing on BRCA1, the gene linked to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Lilly has exclusive rights to the BRCA1 gene by license from Myriad Genetics, Inc.

CHICAGO--A visit by Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales to the Lurie Cancer Center of Northwestern University raised more than $1 million to support cancer research and benefit patients (see photo ). The funds will go to the Lurie Cancer Center; Gilda's Club, a support group for cancer patients named for comedian Gilda Radner who died of ovarian cancer in 1989; and The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, of which The Princess is president.

PHILADELPHIA--SmithKline Beecham's Hycamtin (topotecan) has received marketing clearance from the FDA for the treatment of patients with metastatic ovarian cancer after failure of initial or subsequent chemotherapy. It is the first topoisomerase I inhibitor approved for use in the United States.

Endometrial carcinoma was a clinically staged disease until the late 1980s, at which point, staging changed to a surgicopathologically defined system. This change in staging, in turn, altered the clinical management of this

FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla--Although many quality of life measures for cancer have been validated, eg, the FLIC (Functional Living Index-Cancer) and the FACT (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy), use of a single instrument facilitates analysis of data obtained at different sites, David F. Cella, PhD, said at the first annual conference of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN).

NEW ORLEANS--In combination with cisplatin (Platinol) for treatment of gynecologic malignancies, 3-hour infu-sional paclitaxel (Taxol) might be easier to administer but it produces more peripheral neuropathy than the standard 24-hour infusion, a Cleveland Clinic study shows.

ASCO--Topotecan (Hycamtin), an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, significantly increased time to disease progression--23 weeks vs 14 weeks for paclitaxel (Taxol)--when used as second-line therapy in women with recurrent ovarian cancer, James Carmichael, MD, of the University of Nottingham, said at an ASCO scientific session.

WASHINGTON--University of Pennsylvania researchers have obtained the first "conclusive" evidence linking mutations in the recently cloned BRCA2 breast cancer gene to ovarian cancer, a discovery they say indicates that inheritance plays a significantly greater role in the disease than previously thought.

WASHINGTON--Interim results from an on-going Italian chemopreven-tion trial of a synthetic retinoid show a "borderline significant" protective effect against contralateral breast cancer and, to a lesser degree, against ovarian cancer, but only in premenopausal women.

Almost exactly one decade ago, in an editorial published in the New England Journal of Medicine [1], I noted that "progress is slow but sure" in the development of monoclonal antibodies for clinical use. At that time, only muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3) was approved for human use to prevent rejection of kidney transplants. In the ensuing 10 years, only one oncologic monoclonal antibody product, satumomoab pendetide (OncoScint CR/OV, Cytogen, Princeton, New Jersey) [2] has been approved by the FDA. Progress surely has been slow.

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) of murine origin, when labeled with radionuclides that emit gamma rays, target tumors, permitting detection of disease. SatumoMoAb pendetide (Oncoscint CR/OV), a murine MoAb, was

Over the past 5 years, many new cytotoxic agents with activity against metastatic cancer have been discovered, and several are currently undergoing clinical trials. Whether their marked degree of activity represents a real

This review focuses on the clinical utility and potential value of cell cycle analysis and DNA ploidy interpretation in the diagnosis of human tumors, the application of these techniques to cytologic diagnosis, and their capability

Molecular oncology, as it relates to cancer formation, growth, metastasis, and treatment, is a rapidly progressing and exciting field. Its forward movement is so fast that even scientific journals, because of publication delays, are unable to keep readers informed in a timely manner. What, therefore, is the role of a textbook on molecular oncology?

BETHESDA, Md--The FDA's Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) has unanimously recommended approval of SmithKline Beecham's Hycamtin (topotecan HCl) for the treatment of patients with metastatic ovarian cancer after failure of initial or subsequent chemotherapy.

PALO ALTO, Calif--ALZA Corporation and U.S. Bioscience, Inc. have announced the availability of Ethyol (amifostine), which was FDA approved in December, 1995.

CHICAGO--The Society of Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO) and the Gynecologic Cancer Foundation (GCF) presented awards in four categories at the SGO's 27th annual meeting in New Orleans. The awards are funded by the GCF and were chosen from the more than 115 abstracts presented at the meeting.

LONDON--Women who have persistent elevations in the serum marker CA 125 may be at substantially increased risk for ovarian cancer, a large study of women in the United Kingdom has shown.

NEW ORLEANS--Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of cisplatin (Platinol) plus IV cyclophosphamide produced an improved outcome over IV cisplatin plus IV cyclophosphamide in a pivotal phase III ovarian cancer trial, intergroup study 0051 (SWOG-GOG-ECOG), researchers reported at the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists meeting.

In the past, the mere mention that a patient with persistent or recurrent pelvic cancer might benefit from a palliative pelvic exenteration was met with vigorous opposition. This was due, in part, to the fact that the term "palliative pelvic exenteration" was new and not clearly defined. There was also concern that the mortality, morbidity, and overall cost previously associated with pelvic exenterative procedures were out of keeping with the concept of palliation for cancer. However, much experience with pelvic exenterative surgery has been gained during the past 40 years, and the mortality, morbidity, length of stay, and overall cost of the procedure have decreased significantly. This has made the concept of pelvic exenteration for palliation reconcilable in carefully selected patients in the 1990s.