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What is the most ethical way to make difficult treatment decisions for a patient with dementia who has no living relatives and no advance directives?

Ethics and Oncology is a new blog for CancerNetwork written by Paul R. Helft, MD, director at the Fairbanks Center for Medical Ethics and associate professor of medicine at Indiana University School of Medicine.

We’re now entering the fourth decade of HIV/AIDS awareness. Last year marked the 30th anniversary of the earliest report (on June 5, 1981) of what is now known as AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).

With National HIV Testing Day recently behind us and the 19th International AIDS conference happening later in July in Washington, DC, I would like to share some recent HIV/AIDS statistical, research, and policy highlights.

A new target of melanoma tumors has been identified that may be promising as part of a novel combination therapy for melanoma. In a study published in Nature Medicine, researchers have identified that more than half of melanoma cases, both early and late-stage, may have higher levels of MDM4, a p53-interacting protein.

ICD-10 is a massive undertaking that expands our current 13,000 codes to 68,000 codes. It will impact nearly all business processes in a physician's practice: verification of eligibility, pre-authorization, clinical documentation, research activities, public health reporting, quality reporting, and claim submission.

How should oncologists advise patients about the best surgical approach to use to treat their prostate cancer? Quite simply, it is the surgeon, not the approach. The self-fulfilling prophecy about surgery is that the best surgeons tend to do the most surgeries, so an easy metric is volume.

CancerNetwork speaks with Dr. Sara Hurvitz, director of the breast cancer program at the University of California in Los Angeles. Dr. Hurvitz is actively involved in translational phase I/II breast cancer clinical trials as well as in research to better define distinct types of breast tumors to better design novel targeted therapies.

Researchers at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute believe that cancer studies should take into account the tobacco and smoking habits of participants-something that rarely happens. Whether a trial participant uses tobacco products can affect cancer treatment, say the group of investigators.

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Review of the pathophysiology of foodborne illness and pertinent studies about the neutropenic diet lead to the conclusion that there is no clear benefit from the longstanding dietary restrictions that may be imposed during neutropenia. Instead, we propose adoption of standard safe food handling methods to allow for a more liberalized diet in the neutropenic patient.