Skin Cancer & Melanoma

A large cohort study shows that women on antiestrogen therapy have a lower risk of melanoma. In a study of 7360 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1980 and 2005, 54% were given supplemental antiestrogen therapy. The rate of cutaneous melanoma was 60% higher for those women not taking antiestrogen supplements compared with the expected rate of melanoma incidence based on age and other factors.

The management of in-transit metastases is challenging, since the treatments and extent of disease vary greatly based on the number, depth, location, and distribution of lesions, and on their biological behavior.

The past year in oncology was highlighted by the continuation of breakthroughs in targeted therapies-with new treatments receiving US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lymphoma, and melanoma.

For localized in-transit disease, less is more, with local destruction, excision, and intralesional therapy being the cornerstones of treatment. If local therapies fail or if distant disease arises, isolated limb perfusion and systemic therapy remain effective options.

While patients with in-transit disease represent a wide spectrum of disease that requires individualized therapy, great opportunity exists to learn from our treatment interventions in these individuals.

Immunotherapy is finally getting the cancer clinical and research community excited: A large portion of the presentation and discussion at the Melanoma International Congress, held in Tampa, Florida last week focused on immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of the disease.

The theme of the SMR meeting in Tampa this year was “Advancement through Collaboration," and this theme was clearly reflected in the meeting.

Resection of liver metastases represents a major advance of the last few decades in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Hepatic metastases remain a lethal and recalcitrant problem in the management of malignant disease, and the review by Drs. Zani and Clary of the role of hepatic metastasectomy for patients with stage IV melanoma or breast cancer is timely and welcome.

Flax, an annual plant believed to have originated in Egypt, is cultivated around internationally and is among the world’s oldest crops.

This review summarizes the existing literature that addresses the topic of metastasectomy in patients with melanoma and breast cancer.

With positive read-outs from trials over the last two years and approval of two new agents for the disease, Yervoy and Zelboraf, the field is already looking to new agents and combination trials to improve patient outcomes and survival.

Researchers have shown that the use of β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers) for 1 year or more is associated with a decreased risk of progression of thick malignant melanoma.

Researchers have identified a novel rare, germline mutation linked to a predisposition for both melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that results in a five-fold increased risk of developing melanoma, RCC, or both.

Vemurafenib is a protein kinase inhibitor that blocks the mutated gene protein BRAFV600E so that the cascade of messages that drive cell division and prevent apoptosis is stopped, resulting in tumor shrinkage.

Highlights of the late-breaking data presentations in advanced melanoma and colorectal cancer from the European Multidisciplinary Congress held in Stockholm, Sweden, September 23-27, 2011.

Researchers have discovered that individuals carrying a mutation in the BAP1 gene are at greater risk of developing mesothelioma and uveal melanoma.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved vemurafenib (Zelboraf) for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable melanoma. The new drug, also known as PLX4032, specifically targets patients whose tumors express the BRAF V600E gene mutation.

Dr. Antoni Ribas, UCLA’s Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and a presenter at this year’s annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, discusses the impact of 2 new drugs- ipilimumab (Yervoy) and vemurafenib (Zelboraf)-for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.

Using in vitro techniques and mouse models, scientists at the University of Chicago Department of Medicine and colleagues have demonstrated that downregulation of PTEN in epidermal keratinocytes predisposes skin to ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced tumorigenesis.

Ipilimumab blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and theoretically enables cytotoxic T cells to more effectively attack melanoma cells.

Metastatic melanoma maintains a growing presence around the world, and a steady disregard for treatment efforts. But two novel drugs presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting in Chicago, on Sunday, suggest that medicine might finally be ready to fight back against the deadliest form of skin cancer.

It will likely not come as a surprise to anyone that the cost of cancer care is on the rise, from $104 bn in 2006 to over $173 bn in 2020. The rise in cost is driven by both the increasing cost in therapy (witness the newly approved metastatic melanoma treatment that is $120,000 for a 12-week course of therapy) and the extent of care.

For the second year in a row, metastatic melanoma (MM) research will be presented at the plenary session of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual meeting.

My 2002 article provided an overview of the various interleukin-2 (IL-2)–based treatment regimens that had been explored over the preceding two decades

Scientists at UCLA’s Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research have identified that squamous cell carcinomas can originate from hair follicle stem cells.

A blood test could soon be used to predict the risk of the spread of cancer among melanoma patients. The study identifying the potential test was published online on April 12th in Clinical Cancer Research, and AACR journal.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on March 25 approved ipilimumab (Yervoy, Bristol-Myers Squibb) as immunotherapy for patients with late-stage melanoma, based studies showing it improved survival outcomes in these difficult-to-treat patients.

For the first time, a series of metastatic melanoma (MM) patients have been genetically tested for the constitutively activating BRAF mutation and assessed for its prognostic significance as is routinely done for breast cancer (HER2) and chronic myeloid leukemia (ABL).

Patients with advanced melanoma now have access to the BRAF inhibitor PLX4032, which has shown survival advantages in a Phase III trial, as long as they have the "right" mutation. The drug's history so far is proving a case study on the challenges of developing personalized cancer treatment.